From f62b8c0f86ef70763d523d37b52667deda03c664 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SpecialX <47072643+wangxiner55@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2026 17:33:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(attendance,elective):=20=E5=AE=A1?=
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P0 修复：
- 页面层 i18n 全量补齐（admin/teacher/parent/student × attendance/elective）
- types.ts 状态标签常量迁移至 constants.ts（i18n key + Badge variant）
- 修复 getTranslations 导入路径（next-intl → next-intl/server）

P1 改进：
- 解耦 parent 模块对 attendance 类型的直接依赖（本地 view-model 类型）
- 导出纯函数（computeStats/buildWarnings/buildLotteryRankCase 等）
- 统一空状态为 EmptyState 组件
- 清理死代码读 Action（attendance 5 个 + elective 3 个）
- 预留监控埋点接口（trackEvent 13 个新事件名）
- 补齐骨架屏 loading.tsx（8 个页面）
- AlertDialog 替换 window.confirm（student-selection-view）
- a11y 改进（aria-label/role/键盘导航）

修复：
- AttendanceStatus 从 constants.ts 重导出，消除 types/constants 双源混乱
- buildWarnings 的 Translator 类型改用 ReturnType<typeof useTranslations>
---
 .../(dashboard)/admin/attendance/loading.tsx  |  35 ++
 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/page.tsx |  19 +-
 .../admin/elective/[id]/edit/loading.tsx      |  27 ++
 .../admin/elective/[id]/edit/page.tsx         |  14 +-
 .../admin/elective/create/loading.tsx         |  27 ++
 .../admin/elective/create/page.tsx            |  14 +-
 .../(dashboard)/admin/elective/loading.tsx    |  27 ++
 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/page.tsx   |  13 +-
 .../(dashboard)/parent/attendance/page.tsx    |  34 +-
 .../(dashboard)/student/attendance/page.tsx   |  18 +-
 src/app/(dashboard)/student/elective/page.tsx |  16 +-
 .../teacher/attendance/loading.tsx            |  35 ++
 .../(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/page.tsx   |  44 ++-
 .../teacher/attendance/sheet/loading.tsx      |  27 ++
 .../teacher/attendance/sheet/page.tsx         |   8 +-
 .../teacher/attendance/stats/loading.tsx      |  36 ++
 .../teacher/attendance/stats/page.tsx         |  20 +-
 .../(dashboard)/teacher/elective/loading.tsx  |  27 ++
 src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/page.tsx |   8 +-
 src/modules/attendance/actions.ts             | 164 ++++-----
 .../components/attendance-filters.tsx         |  37 +--
 .../components/attendance-record-list.tsx     |  53 +--
 .../components/attendance-rules-form.tsx      |  27 +-
 .../components/attendance-sheet.tsx           | 311 ++++++++++++++----
 .../components/attendance-stats-card.tsx      |  39 +--
 .../components/student-attendance-view.tsx    |  41 ++-
 src/modules/attendance/constants.ts           |  65 ++++
 src/modules/attendance/data-access-stats.ts   |   5 +-
 src/modules/attendance/types.ts               |  22 +-
 src/modules/elective/actions.ts               | 106 +++---
 .../components/elective-course-form.tsx       |   4 +-
 .../components/elective-course-list.tsx       |  50 +--
 .../elective/components/elective-filters.tsx  |  14 +-
 .../components/student-selection-view.tsx     | 119 ++++---
 src/modules/elective/constants.ts             |  55 ++++
 .../elective/data-access-operations.ts        |   5 +-
 src/modules/elective/types.ts                 |  45 +--
 .../components/parent-attendance-calendar.tsx | 209 ++++++++++++
 .../parent-attendance-rate-card.tsx           | 130 ++++++++
 .../components/parent-attendance-warning.tsx  | 115 +++++++
 src/modules/parent/types.ts                   |  50 +++
 src/shared/i18n/messages/en/attendance.json   |  38 ++-
 src/shared/i18n/messages/en/elective.json     |   5 +
 .../i18n/messages/zh-CN/attendance.json       |  38 ++-
 src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/elective.json  |   5 +
 src/shared/lib/track-event.ts                 |  92 ++++++
 46 files changed, 1748 insertions(+), 545 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/loading.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/modules/attendance/constants.ts
 create mode 100644 src/modules/elective/constants.ts
 create mode 100644 src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-calendar.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-rate-card.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-warning.tsx
 create mode 100644 src/shared/lib/track-event.ts

diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb54852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4">
+        {Array.from({ length: 4 }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Card key={i}>
+            <CardHeader className="pb-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-24" />
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent>
+              <Skeleton className="h-8 w-16" />
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-3">
+          {Array.from({ length: 5 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <Skeleton key={i} className="h-10 w-full" />
+          ))}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/page.tsx
index 16bd4a9..932cf53 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/attendance/page.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import Link from "next/link"
+import Link from "next/link"
 import type { Metadata } from "next"
 import type { JSX } from "react"
 import { BarChart3, ClipboardList } from "lucide-react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
@@ -15,11 +16,6 @@ import { AttendanceStatsCards } from "@/modules/attendance/components/attendance
 import { AttendanceRecordList } from "@/modules/attendance/components/attendance-record-list"
 import type { AttendanceStatus } from "@/modules/attendance/types"
 
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title: "考勤总览 - Next_Edu",
-  description: "查看全校所有班级的考勤记录",
-}
-
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 const isValidAttendanceStatus = (v?: string): v is AttendanceStatus =>
@@ -33,6 +29,7 @@ export default async function AdminAttendancePage({
   await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
   const sp = await searchParams
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
 
   const classId = getSearchParam(sp, "classId")
   const statusParam = getSearchParam(sp, "status")
@@ -62,13 +59,13 @@ export default async function AdminAttendancePage({
     <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between space-y-2">
         <div>
-          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">考勤总览</h2>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground">查看全校所有班级的考勤记录。</p>
+          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.adminOverview")}</h2>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.adminOverview")}</p>
         </div>
         <Button asChild variant="outline">
           <Link href="/teacher/attendance/stats">
             <BarChart3 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-            统计分析
+            {t("actions.stats")}
           </Link>
         </Button>
       </div>
@@ -79,8 +76,8 @@ export default async function AdminAttendancePage({
 
       {result.items.length === 0 && !classId && !status && !date ? (
         <EmptyState
-          title="暂无考勤记录"
-          description="系统中尚未产生任何考勤记录。"
+          title={t("list.empty")}
+          description={t("list.emptyDescription")}
           icon={ClipboardList}
         />
       ) : (
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aa45bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-64" />
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-4">
+          {Array.from({ length: 6 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <div key={i} className="space-y-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-24" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-9 w-full" />
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <Skeleton className="h-10 w-32" />
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/page.tsx
index 87f1781..71afb3d 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/[id]/edit/page.tsx
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 import { notFound } from "next/navigation"
-import type { Metadata } from "next"
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { getElectiveCourseById } from "@/modules/elective/data-access"
 import { getGrades, getStaffOptions, getSubjectOptions } from "@/modules/school/data-access"
 import { ElectiveCourseForm } from "@/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form"
 
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title: "编辑选修课程 - Next_Edu",
-  description: "更新选修课程详情",
-}
-
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 export default async function EditElectiveCoursePage({
@@ -18,6 +13,7 @@ export default async function EditElectiveCoursePage({
 }: {
   params: Promise<{ id: string }>
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
+  const t = await getTranslations("elective")
   const { id } = await params
 
   const [course, subjects, grades, teachers] = await Promise.all([
@@ -32,15 +28,15 @@ export default async function EditElectiveCoursePage({
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
       <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">编辑选修课程</h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">更新选修课程详情。</p>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.edit")}</h2>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.edit")}</p>
       </div>
       <ElectiveCourseForm
         mode="edit"
         course={course}
         subjects={subjects}
         grades={grades.map((g) => ({ id: g.id, name: g.name }))}
-        teachers={teachers.map((t) => ({ id: t.id, name: t.name }))}
+        teachers={teachers.map((teacher) => ({ id: teacher.id, name: teacher.name }))}
         backHref="/admin/elective"
       />
     </div>
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aa45bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-64" />
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-4">
+          {Array.from({ length: 6 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <div key={i} className="space-y-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-24" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-9 w-full" />
+            </div>
+          ))}
+          <Skeleton className="h-10 w-32" />
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/page.tsx
index 7877c62..a427a78 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/create/page.tsx
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
-import type { Metadata } from "next"
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { getGrades, getStaffOptions, getSubjectOptions } from "@/modules/school/data-access"
 import { ElectiveCourseForm } from "@/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form"
 
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title: "新建选修课程 - Next_Edu",
-  description: "创建新的选修课程",
-}
-
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 export default async function CreateElectiveCoursePage(): Promise<JSX.Element> {
+  const t = await getTranslations("elective")
   const [subjects, grades, teachers] = await Promise.all([
     getSubjectOptions(),
     getGrades(),
@@ -21,14 +17,14 @@ export default async function CreateElectiveCoursePage(): Promise<JSX.Element> {
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
       <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">新建选修课程</h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">创建新的选修课程。</p>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.create")}</h2>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.create")}</p>
       </div>
       <ElectiveCourseForm
         mode="create"
         subjects={subjects}
         grades={grades.map((g) => ({ id: g.id, name: g.name }))}
-        teachers={teachers.map((t) => ({ id: t.id, name: t.name }))}
+        teachers={teachers.map((teacher) => ({ id: teacher.id, name: teacher.name }))}
         backHref="/admin/elective"
       />
     </div>
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd8cd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        {Array.from({ length: 6 }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Card key={i}>
+            <CardHeader>
+              <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent className="space-y-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-full" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-3/4" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-8 w-24" />
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/page.tsx
index 652fe4c..343f61a 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/admin/elective/page.tsx
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
-import type { Metadata } from "next"
+import type { Metadata } from "next"
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { getElectiveCourses } from "@/modules/elective/data-access"
 import { ElectiveCourseList } from "@/modules/elective/components/elective-course-list"
 import { getSearchParam, type SearchParams } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 import type { ElectiveCourseStatus } from "@/modules/elective/types"
 
-export const metadata: Metadata = {
-  title: "选修课程 - Next_Edu",
-  description: "管理选修课程、开放/关闭选课与抽签",
-}
-
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 const isValidStatus = (v?: string): v is ElectiveCourseStatus =>
@@ -22,6 +18,7 @@ export default async function AdminElectivePage({
   searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
   const sp = await searchParams
+  const t = await getTranslations("elective")
   const statusParam = getSearchParam(sp, "status")
   const status = isValidStatus(statusParam) ? statusParam : undefined
 
@@ -30,9 +27,9 @@ export default async function AdminElectivePage({
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
       <div className="space-y-1">
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">选修课程</h2>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.adminList")}</h2>
         <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-          管理选修课程、开放/关闭选课与抽签。
+          {t("description.adminList")}
         </p>
       </div>
       <ElectiveCourseList
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/parent/attendance/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/parent/attendance/page.tsx
index d088434..9dfc901 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/parent/attendance/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/parent/attendance/page.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getAuthContext } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { getStudentAttendanceSummary } from "@/modules/attendance/data-access-stats"
 import { StudentAttendanceView } from "@/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view"
@@ -5,21 +6,25 @@ import {
   ParentChildrenDataPage,
   ParentNoChildrenPage,
 } from "@/modules/parent/components/parent-children-data-page"
+import { ParentAttendanceWarning } from "@/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-warning"
+import { ParentAttendanceRateCard } from "@/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-rate-card"
+import { ParentAttendanceCalendar } from "@/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-calendar"
 import { CalendarCheck } from "lucide-react"
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 export default async function ParentAttendancePage() {
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
 
   if (ctx.dataScope.type !== "children" || ctx.dataScope.childrenIds.length === 0) {
     return (
       <ParentNoChildrenPage
-        title="Children Attendance"
-        description="View your children's attendance records."
+        title={t("title.parent")}
+        description={t("description.parent")}
         icon={CalendarCheck}
-        emptyTitle="No children linked"
-        emptyDescription="Your account is not linked to any student accounts yet. Please contact the school administrator."
+        emptyTitle={t("parent.noChildrenTitle")}
+        emptyDescription={t("parent.noChildrenDescription")}
       />
     )
   }
@@ -37,18 +42,27 @@ export default async function ParentAttendancePage() {
 
   return (
     <ParentChildrenDataPage
-      title="Children Attendance"
-      description="View your children's attendance records."
+      title={t("title.parent")}
+      description={t("parent.compareDescription")}
       icon={CalendarCheck}
-      noRecordsTitle="No attendance records"
-      noRecordsDescription="Your children don't have any attendance records yet."
+      noRecordsTitle={t("list.empty")}
+      noRecordsDescription={t("parent.noRecordsDescription")}
       items={validSummaries}
       renderItem={(summary) => (
-        <>
+        <div className="space-y-6">
           <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold border-b pb-2">{summary.studentName}</h3>
+          <ParentAttendanceCalendar summary={summary} />
           <StudentAttendanceView summary={summary} />
-        </>
+        </div>
       )}
+      headerExtra={
+        validSummaries.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="space-y-4">
+            <ParentAttendanceRateCard summaries={validSummaries} />
+            <ParentAttendanceWarning summaries={validSummaries} />
+          </div>
+        ) : null
+      }
     />
   )
 }
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/student/attendance/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/student/attendance/page.tsx
index 57ead48..19cd9c3 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/student/attendance/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/student/attendance/page.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getAuthContext } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { getStudentAttendanceSummary } from "@/modules/attendance/data-access-stats"
 import { StudentAttendanceView } from "@/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view"
@@ -8,19 +9,20 @@ export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
 export default async function StudentAttendancePage() {
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
 
   const summary = await getStudentAttendanceSummary(ctx.userId)
 
   if (!summary) {
     return (
-      <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
+      <div className="space-y-8">
         <div>
-          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">My Attendance</h2>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground">View your attendance records.</p>
+          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.student")}</h2>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.student")}</p>
         </div>
         <EmptyState
-          title="No user found"
-          description="Unable to load your student profile."
+          title={t("errors.notFound")}
+          description={t("errors.unexpected")}
           icon={UserX}
           className="border-none shadow-none"
         />
@@ -29,10 +31,10 @@ export default async function StudentAttendancePage() {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
+    <div className="space-y-8">
       <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">My Attendance</h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">View your attendance records and statistics.</p>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.student")}</h2>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.student")}</p>
       </div>
       <StudentAttendanceView summary={summary} />
     </div>
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/student/elective/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/student/elective/page.tsx
index 763cc8a..e56f375 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/student/elective/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/student/elective/page.tsx
@@ -1,23 +1,19 @@
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getAuthContext } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 
 import { getAvailableCoursesForStudent, getStudentSelections } from "@/modules/elective/data-access-selections"
 import { StudentSelectionView } from "@/modules/elective/components/student-selection-view"
 import { ElectiveFilters } from "@/modules/elective/components/elective-filters"
+import { getParam, type SearchParams } from "@/shared/lib/search-params"
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic"
 
-type SearchParams = { [key: string]: string | string[] | undefined }
-
-const getParam = (params: SearchParams, key: string) => {
-  const v = params[key]
-  return Array.isArray(v) ? v[0] : v
-}
-
 export default async function StudentElectivePage({
   searchParams,
 }: {
   searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
 }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("elective")
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
   const studentId = ctx.userId
 
@@ -39,10 +35,8 @@ export default async function StudentElectivePage({
   return (
     <div className="space-y-8">
       <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Elective Courses</h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-          Browse available electives and manage your selections.
-        </p>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.student")}</h2>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.student")}</p>
       </div>
       {availableCourses.length > 0 && <ElectiveFilters />}
       <StudentSelectionView
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb54852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4">
+        {Array.from({ length: 4 }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Card key={i}>
+            <CardHeader className="pb-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-24" />
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent>
+              <Skeleton className="h-8 w-16" />
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-3">
+          {Array.from({ length: 5 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <Skeleton key={i} className="h-10 w-full" />
+          ))}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/page.tsx
index dc42b33..f4a5c77 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/page.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import type { JSX } from "react"
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { PlusCircle, BarChart3, ClipboardList } from "lucide-react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
+import { ListPagination, computePagination, paginate } from "@/shared/components/ui/list-pagination"
 import { getAuthContext } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { getParam, type SearchParams } from "@/shared/lib/search-params"
 import { getTeacherClasses } from "@/modules/classes/data-access"
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ function parseAttendanceStatus(v?: string): AttendanceStatus | undefined {
   return v && VALID_STATUSES.has(v) ? (v as AttendanceStatus) : undefined
 }
 
+const PAGE_SIZE = 20
+
 export default async function TeacherAttendancePage({
   searchParams,
 }: {
@@ -32,6 +36,7 @@ export default async function TeacherAttendancePage({
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
   const sp = await searchParams
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
 
   const classId = getParam(sp, "classId")
   const status = getParam(sp, "status")
@@ -49,24 +54,32 @@ export default async function TeacherAttendancePage({
   ])
   const classOptions = classes.map((c) => ({ id: c.id, name: c.name }))
 
+  // 分页计算
+  const { page } = computePagination(sp, PAGE_SIZE)
+  const total = result.items.length
+  const totalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(total / PAGE_SIZE))
+  const currentPage = Math.min(page, totalPages)
+  const pagedRecords = paginate(result.items, currentPage, PAGE_SIZE)
+  const hasFilters = Boolean(classId || status || date)
+
   return (
     <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between space-y-2">
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Attendance</h1>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground">Manage student attendance records.</p>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.teacherRecords")}</h1>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.teacherRecords")}</p>
         </div>
         <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <Button asChild variant="outline">
             <Link href="/teacher/attendance/stats">
               <BarChart3 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true" />
-              Statistics
+              {t("actions.stats")}
             </Link>
           </Button>
           <Button asChild>
             <Link href="/teacher/attendance/sheet">
               <PlusCircle className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" aria-hidden="true" />
-              Take Attendance
+              {t("actions.record")}
             </Link>
           </Button>
         </div>
@@ -74,18 +87,31 @@ export default async function TeacherAttendancePage({
 
       <AttendanceFilters classes={classOptions} />
 
-      {result.items.length === 0 && !classId && !status && !date ? (
+      {result.items.length === 0 && !hasFilters ? (
         <EmptyState
-          title="No attendance records"
-          description="Start by taking attendance for your classes."
+          title={t("list.empty")}
+          description={t("list.emptyTeacherDescription")}
           icon={ClipboardList}
           action={{
-            label: "Take Attendance",
+            label: t("actions.record"),
             href: "/teacher/attendance/sheet",
           }}
         />
       ) : (
-        <AttendanceRecordList records={result.items} />
+        <div className="space-y-4">
+          <AttendanceRecordList records={pagedRecords} />
+          {total > 0 ? (
+            <ListPagination
+              page={currentPage}
+              pageSize={PAGE_SIZE}
+              total={total}
+              totalPages={totalPages}
+              basePath="/teacher/attendance"
+              searchParams={sp}
+              itemLabel={t("stats.totalRecords")}
+            />
+          ) : null}
+        </div>
       )}
     </div>
   )
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f949fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader className="space-y-2">
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-3">
+          <div className="flex gap-3">
+            <Skeleton className="h-9 w-48" />
+            <Skeleton className="h-9 w-40" />
+          </div>
+          {Array.from({ length: 8 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <Skeleton key={i} className="h-12 w-full" />
+          ))}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/page.tsx
index 6debcb9..b0a6e10 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/sheet/page.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getTeacherClasses } from "@/modules/classes/data-access"
 import { getClassStudentsForAttendance } from "@/modules/attendance/data-access"
 import { AttendanceSheet } from "@/modules/attendance/components/attendance-sheet"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ export default async function AttendanceSheetPage({
 }: {
   searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
   const sp = await searchParams
 
   const defaultClassId = getParam(sp, "classId")
@@ -27,10 +29,8 @@ export default async function AttendanceSheetPage({
   return (
     <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
       <div>
-        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Take Attendance</h1>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-          Select a class and date, then mark attendance for each student.
-        </p>
+        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.sheet")}</h1>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("sheet.description")}</p>
       </div>
 
       <AttendanceSheet
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d19588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <Skeleton className="h-10 w-full max-w-md" />
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4">
+        {Array.from({ length: 8 }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Card key={i}>
+            <CardHeader className="pb-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-24" />
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent>
+              <Skeleton className="h-8 w-16" />
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+      <Card>
+        <CardHeader>
+          <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardContent className="space-y-3">
+          {Array.from({ length: 5 }).map((_, i) => (
+            <Skeleton key={i} className="h-10 w-full" />
+          ))}
+        </CardContent>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/page.tsx
index 66e04ac..223b04f 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/attendance/stats/page.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getTeacherClasses } from "@/modules/classes/data-access"
 import { getClassAttendanceStats } from "@/modules/attendance/data-access-stats"
 import { AttendanceStatsCard } from "@/modules/attendance/components/attendance-stats-card"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ export default async function AttendanceStatsPage({
 }: {
   searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
+  const t = await getTranslations("attendance")
   const sp = await searchParams
 
   const classId = getParam(sp, "classId")
@@ -27,12 +29,12 @@ export default async function AttendanceStatsPage({
     return (
       <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
         <div>
-          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Attendance Statistics</h1>
-          <p className="text-muted-foreground">View class attendance statistics.</p>
+          <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.teacherStats")}</h1>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.teacherStats")}</p>
         </div>
         <EmptyState
-          title="No classes"
-          description="You don't have any classes yet."
+          title={t("stats.noClasses")}
+          description={t("stats.noClassesDescription")}
           icon={BarChart3}
           className="border-none shadow-none"
         />
@@ -53,8 +55,8 @@ export default async function AttendanceStatsPage({
   return (
     <div className="h-full flex-1 flex-col space-y-8 p-8 md:flex">
       <div>
-        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">Attendance Statistics</h1>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">View class attendance statistics and trends.</p>
+        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.teacherStats")}</h1>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.teacherStats")}</p>
       </div>
 
       <AttendanceStatsClassSelector
@@ -68,14 +70,14 @@ export default async function AttendanceStatsPage({
         <>
           <AttendanceStatsCard stats={summary.stats} />
           <div>
-            <h2 className="mb-4 text-lg font-semibold">Student Records</h2>
+            <h2 className="mb-4 text-lg font-semibold">{t("stats.studentRecords")}</h2>
             <AttendanceRecordList records={summary.studentRecords} />
           </div>
         </>
       ) : (
         <EmptyState
-          title="No data"
-          description="No attendance data available for this class."
+          title={t("stats.noData")}
+          description={t("stats.noDataDescription")}
           icon={BarChart3}
           className="border-none shadow-none"
         />
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/loading.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/loading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd8cd0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/loading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Skeleton } from "@/shared/components/ui/skeleton"
+
+export default function Loading() {
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-8 p-8">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        <Skeleton className="h-8 w-48" />
+        <Skeleton className="h-4 w-72" />
+      </div>
+      <div className="grid gap-4 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+        {Array.from({ length: 6 }).map((_, i) => (
+          <Card key={i}>
+            <CardHeader>
+              <Skeleton className="h-5 w-32" />
+            </CardHeader>
+            <CardContent className="space-y-2">
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-full" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-4 w-3/4" />
+              <Skeleton className="h-8 w-24" />
+            </CardContent>
+          </Card>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/page.tsx
index c18531c..f69ef8b 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/teacher/elective/page.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { JSX } from "react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 import { getAuthContext } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { getParam, type SearchParams } from "@/shared/lib/search-params"
 import { getElectiveCourses } from "@/modules/elective/data-access"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ export default async function TeacherElectivePage({
 }: {
   searchParams: Promise<SearchParams>
 }): Promise<JSX.Element> {
+  const t = await getTranslations("elective")
   const ctx = await getAuthContext()
   const teacherId = ctx.userId
 
@@ -37,10 +39,8 @@ export default async function TeacherElectivePage({
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-8 p-8">
       <div className="space-y-1">
-        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">My Elective Courses</h1>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">
-          View and manage the elective courses you teach.
-        </p>
+        <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">{t("title.teacher")}</h1>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("description.teacher")}</p>
       </div>
       <ElectiveCourseList
         courses={courses}
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/actions.ts b/src/modules/attendance/actions.ts
index 8179de4..34bff44 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/actions.ts
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/actions.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache"
 import { requirePermission, PermissionDeniedError } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
 import type { ActionState } from "@/shared/types/action-state"
+import { trackEvent } from "@/shared/lib/track-event"
 import { verifyTeacherOwnsClass } from "@/modules/classes/data-access"
 
 import {
@@ -18,16 +19,8 @@ import {
   updateAttendanceRecord,
   deleteAttendanceRecord,
   getAttendanceRecordClassId,
-  getAttendanceRecords,
-  getClassAttendanceForDate,
-  getAttendanceRules,
   upsertAttendanceRules,
 } from "./data-access"
-import {
-  getStudentAttendanceSummary,
-  getClassAttendanceStats,
-} from "./data-access-stats"
-import type { AttendanceQueryParams, AttendanceListItem } from "./types"
 
 /**
  * 校验当前用户对考勤记录的归属权限。
@@ -50,6 +43,25 @@ async function assertRecordOwnership(
   return { ok: false, message: "Insufficient permissions" }
 }
 
+/**
+ * 校验当前用户对班级的归属权限。
+ * - admin（scope=all）：直接放行
+ * - teacher（scope=class_taught）：必须为该班级的任课教师
+ * - 其他 scope：拒绝
+ */
+async function assertClassOwnership(
+  classId: string,
+  ctx: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof requirePermission>>
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; message?: string }> {
+  if (ctx.dataScope.type === "all") return { ok: true }
+  if (ctx.dataScope.type === "class_taught") {
+    const owns = await verifyTeacherOwnsClass(classId, ctx.userId)
+    if (!owns) return { ok: false, message: "You do not own this class" }
+    return { ok: true }
+  }
+  return { ok: false, message: "Insufficient permissions" }
+}
+
 export async function recordAttendanceAction(
   prevState: ActionState<string> | null,
   formData: FormData
@@ -76,6 +88,13 @@ export async function recordAttendanceAction(
 
     const id = await createAttendanceRecord(parsed.data, ctx.userId)
     revalidatePath("/teacher/attendance")
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "attendance.recorded",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "attendance_record",
+      properties: { studentId: parsed.data.studentId, classId: parsed.data.classId, status: parsed.data.status },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Attendance recorded", data: id }
   } catch (e) {
     if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -110,6 +129,12 @@ export async function batchRecordAttendanceAction(
 
     const count = await batchCreateAttendanceRecords(parsed.data, ctx.userId)
     revalidatePath("/teacher/attendance")
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "attendance.batch_recorded",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetType: "attendance_record",
+      properties: { count, classId: parsed.data.records[0]?.classId },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: `Recorded attendance for ${count} students`, data: count }
   } catch (e) {
     if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -147,6 +172,13 @@ export async function updateAttendanceAction(
 
     await updateAttendanceRecord(id, parsed.data)
     revalidatePath("/teacher/attendance")
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "attendance.updated",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "attendance_record",
+      properties: { status: parsed.data.status },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Attendance updated" }
   } catch (e) {
     if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -168,89 +200,13 @@ export async function deleteAttendanceAction(
 
     await deleteAttendanceRecord(id)
     revalidatePath("/teacher/attendance")
-    return { success: true, message: "Attendance record deleted" }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getAttendanceAction(
-  params: AttendanceQueryParams
-): Promise<ActionState<{ items: AttendanceListItem[]; total: number; page: number; pageSize: number; totalPages: number }>> {
-  try {
-    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
-    const result = await getAttendanceRecords({
-      ...params,
-      scope: ctx.dataScope,
-      currentUserId: ctx.userId,
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "attendance.deleted",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "attendance_record",
     })
-    return {
-      success: true,
-      data: {
-        items: result.items,
-        total: result.total,
-        page: result.page,
-        pageSize: result.pageSize,
-        totalPages: result.totalPages,
-      },
-    }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getStudentAttendanceAction(
-  studentId: string,
-  startDate?: string,
-  endDate?: string
-): Promise<ActionState<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getStudentAttendanceSummary>>>> {
-  try {
-    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
-
-    if (ctx.dataScope.type === "class_members" && ctx.userId !== studentId) {
-      return { success: false, message: "Can only view your own attendance" }
-    }
-    if (ctx.dataScope.type === "children" && !ctx.dataScope.childrenIds.includes(studentId)) {
-      return { success: false, message: "Can only view your children's attendance" }
-    }
-
-    const summary = await getStudentAttendanceSummary(studentId, startDate, endDate)
-    return { success: true, data: summary }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getClassAttendanceStatsAction(
-  classId: string,
-  startDate?: string,
-  endDate?: string
-): Promise<ActionState<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getClassAttendanceStats>>>> {
-  try {
-    await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
-    const result = await getClassAttendanceStats(classId, startDate, endDate)
-    return { success: true, data: result }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getClassAttendanceForDateAction(
-  classId: string,
-  date: string
-): Promise<ActionState<AttendanceListItem[]>> {
-  try {
-    await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
-    const records = await getClassAttendanceForDate(classId, date)
-    return { success: true, data: records }
+    return { success: true, message: "Attendance record deleted" }
   } catch (e) {
     if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
     if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -263,7 +219,7 @@ export async function saveAttendanceRulesAction(
   formData: FormData
 ): Promise<ActionState<string>> {
   try {
-    await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_MANAGE)
+    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_MANAGE)
 
     const parsed = AttendanceRuleSchema.safeParse({
       classId: formData.get("classId"),
@@ -280,8 +236,20 @@ export async function saveAttendanceRulesAction(
       }
     }
 
+    const ownership = await assertClassOwnership(parsed.data.classId, ctx)
+    if (!ownership.ok) {
+      return { success: false, message: ownership.message ?? "Ownership check failed" }
+    }
+
     const id = await upsertAttendanceRules(parsed.data)
     revalidatePath("/teacher/attendance")
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "attendance.rules_saved",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "attendance_rule",
+      properties: { classId: parsed.data.classId },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Attendance rules saved", data: id }
   } catch (e) {
     if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -289,17 +257,3 @@ export async function saveAttendanceRulesAction(
     return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
   }
 }
-
-export async function getAttendanceRulesAction(
-  classId?: string
-): Promise<ActionState<Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getAttendanceRules>>>> {
-  try {
-    await requirePermission(Permissions.ATTENDANCE_READ)
-    const rules = await getAttendanceRules(classId)
-    return { success: true, data: rules }
-  } catch (e) {
-    if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    if (e instanceof Error) return { success: false, message: e.message }
-    return { success: false, message: "Unexpected error" }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-filters.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-filters.tsx
index 67a9ebc..fc6e7aa 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-filters.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-filters.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import { useRouter, useSearchParams } from "next/navigation"
 import { useCallback } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { Label } from "@/shared/components/ui/label"
 import {
   Select,
@@ -12,23 +13,18 @@ import {
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/select"
 import { Input } from "@/shared/components/ui/input"
 
+import { ATTENDANCE_STATUS_OPTIONS, ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS } from "../constants"
+
 type Option = { id: string; name: string }
 
 interface AttendanceFiltersProps {
   classes: Option[]
 }
 
-const STATUS_OPTIONS = [
-  { value: "present", label: "Present" },
-  { value: "absent", label: "Absent" },
-  { value: "late", label: "Late" },
-  { value: "early_leave", label: "Early Leave" },
-  { value: "excused", label: "Excused" },
-]
-
 export function AttendanceFilters({ classes }: AttendanceFiltersProps) {
   const router = useRouter()
   const searchParams = useSearchParams()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
 
   const updateParam = useCallback(
     (key: string, value: string) => {
@@ -50,13 +46,13 @@ export function AttendanceFilters({ classes }: AttendanceFiltersProps) {
   return (
     <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 rounded-lg border bg-card p-4 md:grid-cols-3">
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label className="text-xs">Class</Label>
+        <Label className="text-xs">{t("filters.class")}</Label>
         <Select value={classId} onValueChange={(v) => updateParam("classId", v)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="h-9">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="All classes" />
+          <SelectTrigger className="h-9" aria-label={t("filters.class")}>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.allClasses")} />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All classes</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.allClasses")}</SelectItem>
             {classes.map((c) => (
               <SelectItem key={c.id} value={c.id}>
                 {c.name}
@@ -67,16 +63,16 @@ export function AttendanceFilters({ classes }: AttendanceFiltersProps) {
       </div>
 
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label className="text-xs">Status</Label>
+        <Label className="text-xs">{t("filters.status")}</Label>
         <Select value={status} onValueChange={(v) => updateParam("status", v)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="h-9">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="All statuses" />
+          <SelectTrigger className="h-9" aria-label={t("filters.status")}>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.allStatuses")} />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All statuses</SelectItem>
-            {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((s) => (
-              <SelectItem key={s.value} value={s.value}>
-                {s.label}
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.allStatuses")}</SelectItem>
+            {ATTENDANCE_STATUS_OPTIONS.map((s) => (
+              <SelectItem key={s} value={s}>
+                {t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[s])}
               </SelectItem>
             ))}
           </SelectContent>
@@ -84,12 +80,13 @@ export function AttendanceFilters({ classes }: AttendanceFiltersProps) {
       </div>
 
       <div className="grid gap-2">
-        <Label className="text-xs">Date</Label>
+        <Label className="text-xs">{t("filters.date")}</Label>
         <Input
           type="date"
           value={date}
           onChange={(e) => updateParam("date", e.target.value)}
           className="h-9"
+          aria-label={t("filters.date")}
         />
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-record-list.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-record-list.tsx
index 0c50d13..3012e5e 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-record-list.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-record-list.tsx
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import { useState } from "react"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
-import { Trash2 } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { Trash2, Inbox } from "lucide-react"
 
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
@@ -23,17 +24,19 @@ import {
   DialogHeader,
   DialogTitle,
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/dialog"
+import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import { formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 
 import { deleteAttendanceAction } from "../actions"
 import {
-  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_COLORS,
-  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS,
-  type AttendanceListItem,
-} from "../types"
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS,
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+} from "../constants"
+import type { AttendanceListItem } from "../types"
 
 export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[] }) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
   const [deleteId, setDeleteId] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const [isDeleting, setIsDeleting] = useState(false)
 
@@ -43,19 +46,22 @@ export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[
     const result = await deleteAttendanceAction(deleteId)
     setIsDeleting(false)
     if (result.success) {
-      toast.success(result.message)
+      toast.success(result.message || t("sheet.deleted"))
       setDeleteId(null)
       router.refresh()
     } else {
-      toast.error(result.message || "Failed to delete")
+      toast.error(result.message || t("errors.unexpected"))
     }
   }
 
   if (records.length === 0) {
     return (
-      <div className="rounded-md border bg-card p-8 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-        No attendance records found.
-      </div>
+      <EmptyState
+        icon={Inbox}
+        title={t("list.empty")}
+        description={t("list.emptyDescription")}
+        className="h-auto border-none shadow-none"
+      />
     )
   }
 
@@ -65,13 +71,13 @@ export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[
         <Table>
           <TableHeader>
             <TableRow>
-              <TableHead>Student</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Class</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Date</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Status</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Remark</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Recorded By</TableHead>
-              <TableHead>Created</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.student")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.class")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.date")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.status")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.remark")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.recorder")}</TableHead>
+              <TableHead>{t("list.columns.createdAt")}</TableHead>
               <TableHead className="w-12"></TableHead>
             </TableRow>
           </TableHeader>
@@ -82,8 +88,8 @@ export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[
                 <TableCell>{r.className}</TableCell>
                 <TableCell>{r.date}</TableCell>
                 <TableCell>
-                  <Badge variant={ATTENDANCE_STATUS_COLORS[r.status]} className="capitalize">
-                    {ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS[r.status]}
+                  <Badge variant={ATTENDANCE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS[r.status]} className="capitalize">
+                    {t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[r.status])}
                   </Badge>
                 </TableCell>
                 <TableCell className="max-w-[200px] truncate text-muted-foreground">
@@ -97,6 +103,7 @@ export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[
                     size="icon"
                     className="h-8 w-8 text-destructive"
                     onClick={() => setDeleteId(r.id)}
+                    aria-label={t("actions.delete")}
                   >
                     <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
                   </Button>
@@ -110,17 +117,17 @@ export function AttendanceRecordList({ records }: { records: AttendanceListItem[
       <Dialog open={deleteId !== null} onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setDeleteId(null)}>
         <DialogContent>
           <DialogHeader>
-            <DialogTitle>Delete Attendance Record</DialogTitle>
+            <DialogTitle>{t("sheet.confirmDelete")}</DialogTitle>
             <DialogDescription>
-              Are you sure you want to delete this attendance record? This action cannot be undone.
+              {t("errors.unexpected")}
             </DialogDescription>
           </DialogHeader>
           <DialogFooter>
             <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setDeleteId(null)} disabled={isDeleting}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("actions.cancel")}
             </Button>
             <Button variant="destructive" onClick={handleDelete} disabled={isDeleting}>
-              {isDeleting ? "Deleting..." : "Delete"}
+              {isDeleting ? t("actions.delete") + "..." : t("actions.delete")}
             </Button>
           </DialogFooter>
         </DialogContent>
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-rules-form.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-rules-form.tsx
index a1d90bc..7b43015 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-rules-form.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-rules-form.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { useState } from "react"
 import { useFormStatus } from "react-dom"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 
 import { Card, CardContent, CardFooter, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
@@ -25,9 +26,10 @@ type Option = { id: string; name: string }
 
 function SubmitButton() {
   const { pending } = useFormStatus()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
   return (
     <Button type="submit" disabled={pending}>
-      {pending ? "Saving..." : "Save Rules"}
+      {pending ? t("actions.save") + "..." : t("rules.saved")}
     </Button>
   )
 }
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
   existingRules: AttendanceRule[]
 }) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
   const [classId, setClassId] = useState(classes[0]?.id ?? "")
   const [lateThreshold, setLateThreshold] = useState("15")
   const [earlyLeaveThreshold, setEarlyLeaveThreshold] = useState("15")
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
 
   const handleSubmit = async (formData: FormData) => {
     if (!classId) {
-      toast.error("Please select a class")
+      toast.error(t("sheet.selectClass"))
       return
     }
     formData.set("classId", classId)
@@ -71,25 +74,25 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
 
     const result = await saveAttendanceRulesAction(null, formData)
     if (result.success) {
-      toast.success(result.message)
+      toast.success(result.message || t("rules.saved"))
       router.refresh()
     } else {
-      toast.error(result.message || "Failed to save rules")
+      toast.error(result.message || t("errors.unexpected"))
     }
   }
 
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader>
-        <CardTitle>Attendance Rules</CardTitle>
+        <CardTitle>{t("title.rules")}</CardTitle>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         <form action={handleSubmit} className="space-y-6">
           <div className="grid gap-2">
-            <Label>Class</Label>
+            <Label htmlFor="rules-class-select">{t("filters.class")}</Label>
             <Select value={classId} onValueChange={handleClassChange}>
-              <SelectTrigger>
-                <SelectValue placeholder="Select a class" />
+              <SelectTrigger id="rules-class-select">
+                <SelectValue placeholder={t("sheet.selectClass")} />
               </SelectTrigger>
               <SelectContent>
                 {classes.map((c) => (
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
 
           <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label htmlFor="lateThresholdMinutes">Late Threshold (minutes)</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="lateThresholdMinutes">{t("rules.lateThreshold")}</Label>
               <Input
                 id="lateThresholdMinutes"
                 type="number"
@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
               />
             </div>
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label htmlFor="earlyLeaveThresholdMinutes">Early Leave Threshold (minutes)</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="earlyLeaveThresholdMinutes">{t("rules.earlyLeaveThreshold")}</Label>
               <Input
                 id="earlyLeaveThresholdMinutes"
                 type="number"
@@ -131,13 +134,13 @@ export function AttendanceRulesForm({
               onCheckedChange={(v) => setEnableAutoMark(v === true)}
             />
             <Label htmlFor="enableAutoMark" className="cursor-pointer">
-              Enable auto-marking (mark present automatically when student checks in on time)
+              {t("rules.enableAutoMark")}
             </Label>
           </div>
 
           <CardFooter className="justify-end gap-2 px-0">
             <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => router.back()}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("actions.cancel")}
             </Button>
             <SubmitButton />
           </CardFooter>
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-sheet.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-sheet.tsx
index 7a66c4e..877b2be 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-sheet.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-sheet.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 "use client"
 
-import { useState } from "react"
+import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from "react"
 import { useFormStatus } from "react-dom"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
-import { CalendarDays } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { CalendarDays, Search, CheckCircle2, XCircle, Clock, LogOut, FileText } from "lucide-react"
 
 import { Card, CardContent, CardFooter, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
@@ -25,12 +26,23 @@ import {
   TableHeader,
   TableRow,
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/table"
+import {
+  AlertDialog,
+  AlertDialogAction,
+  AlertDialogCancel,
+  AlertDialogContent,
+  AlertDialogDescription,
+  AlertDialogFooter,
+  AlertDialogHeader,
+  AlertDialogTitle,
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/alert-dialog"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 
 import { batchRecordAttendanceAction } from "../actions"
 import {
-  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS,
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
   type AttendanceStatus,
-} from "../types"
+} from "../constants"
 
 type Option = { id: string; name: string }
 type Student = { id: string; name: string; email: string }
@@ -43,14 +55,39 @@ const STATUS_OPTIONS: AttendanceStatus[] = [
   "excused",
 ]
 
-const isAttendanceStatus = (v: string): v is AttendanceStatus =>
-  v === "present" || v === "absent" || v === "late" || v === "early_leave" || v === "excused"
+const STATUS_SHORTCUTS: Record<string, AttendanceStatus> = {
+  p: "present",
+  a: "absent",
+  l: "late",
+  e: "early_leave",
+  x: "excused",
+}
+
+const STATUS_STYLES: Record<AttendanceStatus, { active: string; icon: typeof CheckCircle2 }> = {
+  present: { active: "bg-emerald-500 text-white border-emerald-500 hover:bg-emerald-600", icon: CheckCircle2 },
+  absent: { active: "bg-red-500 text-white border-red-500 hover:bg-red-600", icon: XCircle },
+  late: { active: "bg-amber-500 text-white border-amber-500 hover:bg-amber-600", icon: Clock },
+  early_leave: { active: "bg-blue-500 text-white border-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-600", icon: LogOut },
+  excused: { active: "bg-purple-500 text-white border-purple-500 hover:bg-purple-600", icon: FileText },
+}
+
+/** 初始化状态计数，避免 `{} as Record<...>` 类型断言 */
+function createInitialStatusCounts(): Record<AttendanceStatus, number> {
+  return {
+    present: 0,
+    absent: 0,
+    late: 0,
+    early_leave: 0,
+    excused: 0,
+  }
+}
 
 function SubmitButton() {
   const { pending } = useFormStatus()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
   return (
     <Button type="submit" disabled={pending}>
-      {pending ? "Saving..." : "Save Attendance"}
+      {pending ? t("actions.save") + "..." : t("actions.save")}
     </Button>
   )
 }
@@ -67,24 +104,94 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
   defaultDate?: string
 }) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
   const today = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)
   const [classId, setClassId] = useState(defaultClassId ?? classes[0]?.id ?? "")
   const [date, setDate] = useState(defaultDate ?? today)
   const [statuses, setStatuses] = useState<Record<string, AttendanceStatus>>({})
+  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState("")
+  const [focusedStudentIndex, setFocusedStudentIndex] = useState(0)
+  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false)
+  const [showSwitchConfirm, setShowSwitchConfirm] = useState(false)
+  const [pendingClassId, setPendingClassId] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const studentRefs = useRef<(HTMLTableRowElement | null)[]>([])
 
-  const handleStatusChange = (studentId: string, status: AttendanceStatus) => {
+  const handleStatusChange = useCallback((studentId: string, status: AttendanceStatus) => {
     setStatuses((prev) => ({ ...prev, [studentId]: status }))
-  }
+  }, [])
 
-  const markAllPresent = () => {
+  const markAllPresent = useCallback(() => {
     const all: Record<string, AttendanceStatus> = {}
     for (const s of students) all[s.id] = "present"
     setStatuses(all)
+    toast.success(t("actions.markAllPresent"))
+  }, [students, t])
+
+  const handleClassChange = (newClassId: string) => {
+    const hasUnsaved = Object.keys(statuses).length > 0
+    if (hasUnsaved && newClassId !== classId) {
+      setPendingClassId(newClassId)
+      setShowSwitchConfirm(true)
+      return
+    }
+    confirmClassSwitch(newClassId)
   }
 
+  const confirmClassSwitch = (newClassId: string) => {
+    setClassId(newClassId)
+    setStatuses({})
+    const newUrl = newClassId ? `/teacher/attendance/sheet?classId=${encodeURIComponent(newClassId)}` : "/teacher/attendance/sheet"
+    router.push(newUrl)
+  }
+
+  const filteredStudents = students.filter(
+    (s) => !searchQuery || s.name.toLowerCase().includes(searchQuery.toLowerCase())
+  )
+
+  const statusCounts = STATUS_OPTIONS.reduce(
+    (acc, st) => {
+      acc[st] = students.filter((s) => (statuses[s.id] ?? "present") === st).length
+      return acc
+    },
+    createInitialStatusCounts()
+  )
+
+  // 派生值：当筛选结果变少时，焦点索引自动夹紧到有效范围，避免 useEffect 重置导致的级联渲染
+  const effectiveFocusedIndex = filteredStudents.length === 0
+    ? 0
+    : Math.min(focusedStudentIndex, filteredStudents.length - 1)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      if (e.target instanceof HTMLInputElement || e.target instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement) return
+      const key = e.key.toLowerCase()
+      if (STATUS_SHORTCUTS[key] && filteredStudents[effectiveFocusedIndex]) {
+        e.preventDefault()
+        handleStatusChange(filteredStudents[effectiveFocusedIndex].id, STATUS_SHORTCUTS[key])
+        if (effectiveFocusedIndex < filteredStudents.length - 1) {
+          setFocusedStudentIndex((prev) => prev + 1)
+        }
+      }
+      if (e.key === "ArrowDown" && effectiveFocusedIndex < filteredStudents.length - 1) {
+        e.preventDefault()
+        setFocusedStudentIndex((prev) => prev + 1)
+      }
+      if (e.key === "ArrowUp" && effectiveFocusedIndex > 0) {
+        e.preventDefault()
+        setFocusedStudentIndex((prev) => prev - 1)
+      }
+    }
+    window.addEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown)
+    return () => window.removeEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown)
+  }, [filteredStudents, effectiveFocusedIndex, handleStatusChange])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    studentRefs.current[effectiveFocusedIndex]?.scrollIntoView({ block: "nearest" })
+  }, [effectiveFocusedIndex])
+
   const handleSubmit = async (formData: FormData) => {
     if (!classId || !date) {
-      toast.error("Please select class and date")
+      toast.error(t("errors.invalidForm"))
       return
     }
 
@@ -96,35 +203,48 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
     }))
 
     if (records.length === 0) {
-      toast.error("No students to record attendance for")
+      toast.error(t("sheet.noStudents"))
       return
     }
 
+    setIsSubmitting(true)
     formData.set("recordsJson", JSON.stringify(records))
 
     const result = await batchRecordAttendanceAction(null, formData)
+    setIsSubmitting(false)
     if (result.success) {
-      toast.success(result.message)
+      toast.success(result.message || t("sheet.saved"))
       router.push("/teacher/attendance")
       router.refresh()
     } else {
-      toast.error(result.message || "Failed to save attendance")
+      toast.error(result.message || t("errors.unexpected"))
     }
   }
 
   return (
-    <Card>
+    <Card className="relative">
+      {isSubmitting && (
+        <div className="absolute inset-0 z-10 flex items-center justify-center rounded-lg bg-background/60 backdrop-blur-sm">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-sm font-medium">
+            <div className="h-4 w-4 animate-spin rounded-full border-2 border-primary border-t-transparent" />
+            {t("sheet.saved")}...
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
       <CardHeader>
-        <CardTitle>Attendance Sheet</CardTitle>
+        <CardTitle>{t("title.sheet")}</CardTitle>
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+          {t("description.teacherRecords")}
+        </p>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         <form action={handleSubmit} className="space-y-6">
           <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label>Class</Label>
-              <Select value={classId} onValueChange={setClassId}>
-                <SelectTrigger>
-                  <SelectValue placeholder="Select a class" />
+              <Label htmlFor="class-select">{t("filters.class")}</Label>
+              <Select value={classId} onValueChange={handleClassChange}>
+                <SelectTrigger id="class-select">
+                  <SelectValue placeholder={t("sheet.selectClass")} />
                 </SelectTrigger>
                 <SelectContent>
                   {classes.map((c) => (
@@ -137,7 +257,7 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
             </div>
 
             <div className="grid gap-2">
-              <Label htmlFor="date">Date</Label>
+              <Label htmlFor="date">{t("filters.date")}</Label>
               <div className="relative">
                 <CalendarDays className="pointer-events-none absolute left-3 top-1/2 h-4 w-4 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground" />
                 <Input
@@ -147,6 +267,7 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
                   onChange={(e) => setDate(e.target.value)}
                   className="pl-9"
                   required
+                  aria-label={t("filters.date")}
                 />
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -154,55 +275,100 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
 
           {students.length === 0 ? (
             <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              No students in this class. Select a class to load students.
+              {t("sheet.noStudents")}
             </p>
           ) : (
             <>
-              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-                <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                  {students.length} students
-                </p>
-                <Button type="button" variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={markAllPresent}>
-                  Mark All Present
-                </Button>
+              <div className="flex flex-col gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:items-center sm:justify-between">
+                <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+                  {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((st) => {
+                    const Icon = STATUS_STYLES[st].icon
+                    return (
+                      <span key={st} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md border bg-muted/50 px-2 py-1 text-xs">
+                        <Icon className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden="true" />
+                        {t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[st])}
+                        <span className="font-semibold tabular-nums">{statusCounts[st]}</span>
+                      </span>
+                    )
+                  })}
+                </div>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                  <div className="relative">
+                    <Search className="pointer-events-none absolute left-2.5 top-1/2 h-3.5 w-3.5 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground" />
+                    <Input
+                      type="search"
+                      placeholder={t("list.columns.student")}
+                      value={searchQuery}
+                      onChange={(e) => setSearchQuery(e.target.value)}
+                      className="h-8 w-40 pl-8 text-sm"
+                      aria-label={t("list.columns.student")}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <Button type="button" variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={markAllPresent}>
+                    {t("actions.markAllPresent")}
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
               </div>
               <div className="rounded-md border">
                 <Table>
                   <TableHeader>
                     <TableRow>
-                      <TableHead>Student</TableHead>
-                      <TableHead>Email</TableHead>
-                      <TableHead className="w-48">Status</TableHead>
+                      <TableHead className="w-12">#</TableHead>
+                      <TableHead>{t("list.columns.student")}</TableHead>
+                      <TableHead className="hidden md:table-cell">{t("list.columns.remark")}</TableHead>
+                      <TableHead>{t("list.columns.status")}</TableHead>
                     </TableRow>
                   </TableHeader>
                   <TableBody>
-                    {students.map((s) => (
-                      <TableRow key={s.id}>
-                        <TableCell className="font-medium">{s.name}</TableCell>
-                        <TableCell className="text-muted-foreground">{s.email}</TableCell>
-                        <TableCell>
-                          <Select
-                            value={statuses[s.id] ?? "present"}
-                            onValueChange={(v) => {
-                              if (isAttendanceStatus(v)) {
-                                handleStatusChange(s.id, v)
-                              }
-                            }}
-                          >
-                            <SelectTrigger className="h-8">
-                              <SelectValue />
-                            </SelectTrigger>
-                            <SelectContent>
-                              {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((st) => (
-                                <SelectItem key={st} value={st}>
-                                  {ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS[st]}
-                                </SelectItem>
-                              ))}
-                            </SelectContent>
-                          </Select>
-                        </TableCell>
-                      </TableRow>
-                    ))}
+                    {filteredStudents.map((s, idx) => {
+                      const currentStatus = statuses[s.id] ?? "present"
+                      const isFocused = idx === effectiveFocusedIndex
+                      return (
+                        <TableRow
+                          key={s.id}
+                          ref={(el) => { studentRefs.current[idx] = el }}
+                          className={cn("cursor-pointer", isFocused && "bg-primary/5")}
+                          onClick={() => setFocusedStudentIndex(idx)}
+                          role="button"
+                          tabIndex={isFocused ? 0 : -1}
+                          aria-label={s.name}
+                        >
+                          <TableCell className="text-muted-foreground tabular-nums">{idx + 1}</TableCell>
+                          <TableCell className="font-medium">{s.name}</TableCell>
+                          <TableCell className="hidden text-muted-foreground md:table-cell">{s.email}</TableCell>
+                          <TableCell>
+                            <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
+                              {STATUS_OPTIONS.map((st) => {
+                                const Icon = STATUS_STYLES[st].icon
+                                const isActive = currentStatus === st
+                                return (
+                                  <button
+                                    key={st}
+                                    type="button"
+                                    onClick={(e) => {
+                                      e.stopPropagation()
+                                      handleStatusChange(s.id, st)
+                                    }}
+                                    className={cn(
+                                      "inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-md border px-2 py-1 text-xs font-medium transition-colors",
+                                      isActive
+                                        ? STATUS_STYLES[st].active
+                                        : "border-border bg-background text-muted-foreground hover:bg-muted"
+                                    )}
+                                    aria-pressed={isActive}
+                                    aria-label={`${t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[st])} (${st[0].toUpperCase()})`}
+                                  >
+                                    <Icon className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden="true" />
+                                    <span className="hidden sm:inline">{t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[st])}</span>
+                                    <span className="sm:hidden">{st[0].toUpperCase()}</span>
+                                  </button>
+                                )
+                              })}
+                            </div>
+                          </TableCell>
+                        </TableRow>
+                      )
+                    })}
                   </TableBody>
                 </Table>
               </div>
@@ -211,12 +377,37 @@ export function AttendanceSheet({
 
           <CardFooter className="justify-end gap-2 px-0">
             <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => router.back()}>
-              Cancel
+              {t("actions.cancel")}
             </Button>
             <SubmitButton />
           </CardFooter>
         </form>
       </CardContent>
+
+      <AlertDialog open={showSwitchConfirm} onOpenChange={setShowSwitchConfirm}>
+        <AlertDialogContent>
+          <AlertDialogHeader>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("sheet.confirmDelete")}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogDescription>
+              {t("description.teacherRecords")}
+            </AlertDialogDescription>
+          </AlertDialogHeader>
+          <AlertDialogFooter>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("actions.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogAction
+              onClick={() => {
+                if (pendingClassId) {
+                  confirmClassSwitch(pendingClassId)
+                  setPendingClassId(null)
+                }
+                setShowSwitchConfirm(false)
+              }}
+            >
+              {t("actions.save")}
+            </AlertDialogAction>
+          </AlertDialogFooter>
+        </AlertDialogContent>
+      </AlertDialog>
     </Card>
   )
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-stats-card.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-stats-card.tsx
index 331dc4a..7e492a6 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-stats-card.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/attendance-stats-card.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import { StatItem } from "@/shared/components/ui/stat-item"
 import {
   Users,
@@ -8,71 +10,70 @@ import {
   LogOut,
   FileText,
   TrendingUp,
+  BarChart3,
 } from "lucide-react"
 import type { AttendanceStats } from "../types"
 
 export function AttendanceStatsCard({ stats }: { stats: AttendanceStats | null }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
+
   if (!stats || stats.total === 0) {
     return (
-      <Card>
-        <CardHeader>
-          <CardTitle>Attendance Statistics</CardTitle>
-        </CardHeader>
-        <CardContent>
-          <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">No attendance data available.</p>
-        </CardContent>
-      </Card>
+      <EmptyState
+        title={t("stats.noData")}
+        description={t("stats.noDataDescription")}
+        icon={BarChart3}
+        className="border-none shadow-none"
+      />
     )
   }
 
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader>
-        <CardTitle>Attendance Statistics</CardTitle>
+        <CardTitle>{t("title.teacherStats")}</CardTitle>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 md:grid-cols-4">
           <StatItem
-            label="Total Records"
+            label={t("stats.totalRecords")}
             value={stats.total}
             icon={<Users className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Present"
+            label={t("stats.present")}
             value={stats.present}
             icon={<CheckCircle2 className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Absent"
+            label={t("stats.absent")}
             value={stats.absent}
             icon={<XCircle className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Late"
+            label={t("stats.late")}
             value={stats.late}
             icon={<Clock className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Early Leave"
+            label={t("stats.earlyLeave")}
             value={stats.earlyLeave}
             icon={<LogOut className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Excused"
+            label={t("stats.excused")}
             value={stats.excused}
             icon={<FileText className="h-4 w-4" />}
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Present Rate"
+            label={t("stats.attendanceRate")}
             value={`${stats.presentRate.toFixed(1)}%`}
             icon={<TrendingUp className="h-4 w-4" />}
-            hint="Present / Total"
           />
           <StatItem
-            label="Late Rate"
+            label={t("stats.lateRate")}
             value={`${stats.lateRate.toFixed(1)}%`}
             icon={<Clock className="h-4 w-4" />}
-            hint="Late / Total"
           />
         </div>
       </CardContent>
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view.tsx b/src/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view.tsx
index 3293487..d8c7ae9 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/components/student-attendance-view.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import {
@@ -13,21 +14,23 @@ import { CalendarCheck } from "lucide-react"
 
 import { AttendanceStatsCard } from "./attendance-stats-card"
 import {
-  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_COLORS,
-  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS,
-  type StudentAttendanceSummary,
-} from "../types"
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS,
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+} from "../constants"
+import type { StudentAttendanceSummary } from "../types"
 
 export function StudentAttendanceView({
   summary,
 }: {
   summary: StudentAttendanceSummary | null
 }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
+
   if (!summary) {
     return (
       <EmptyState
-        title="No data"
-        description="Student attendance summary is not available."
+        title={t("list.empty")}
+        description={t("errors.notFound")}
         icon={CalendarCheck}
         className="border-none shadow-none"
       />
@@ -39,7 +42,9 @@ export function StudentAttendanceView({
       <div className="grid grid-cols-1 gap-4 md:grid-cols-2">
         <Card>
           <CardHeader className="pb-2">
-            <CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">Student</CardTitle>
+            <CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+              {t("list.columns.student")}
+            </CardTitle>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent>
             <p className="text-2xl font-bold">{summary.studentName}</p>
@@ -47,7 +52,9 @@ export function StudentAttendanceView({
         </Card>
         <Card>
           <CardHeader className="pb-2">
-            <CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">Total Records</CardTitle>
+            <CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+              {t("stats.totalRecords")}
+            </CardTitle>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent>
             <p className="text-2xl font-bold">{summary.stats.total}</p>
@@ -59,25 +66,25 @@ export function StudentAttendanceView({
 
       {summary.recentRecords.length === 0 ? (
         <EmptyState
-          title="No attendance records"
-          description="There are no attendance records for this student yet."
+          title={t("list.empty")}
+          description={t("list.emptyDescription")}
           icon={CalendarCheck}
           className="border-none shadow-none"
         />
       ) : (
         <Card>
           <CardHeader>
-            <CardTitle>Recent Attendance</CardTitle>
+            <CardTitle>{t("stats.recentRecords")}</CardTitle>
           </CardHeader>
           <CardContent>
             <div className="rounded-md border">
               <Table>
                 <TableHeader>
                   <TableRow>
-                    <TableHead>Date</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead>Class</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead>Status</TableHead>
-                    <TableHead>Remark</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead>{t("list.columns.date")}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead>{t("list.columns.class")}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead>{t("list.columns.status")}</TableHead>
+                    <TableHead>{t("list.columns.remark")}</TableHead>
                   </TableRow>
                 </TableHeader>
                 <TableBody>
@@ -86,8 +93,8 @@ export function StudentAttendanceView({
                       <TableCell className="font-medium">{r.date}</TableCell>
                       <TableCell>{r.className}</TableCell>
                       <TableCell>
-                        <Badge variant={ATTENDANCE_STATUS_COLORS[r.status]} className="capitalize">
-                          {ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS[r.status]}
+                        <Badge variant={ATTENDANCE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS[r.status]} className="capitalize">
+                          {t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[r.status])}
                         </Badge>
                       </TableCell>
                       <TableCell className="text-muted-foreground">{r.remark ?? "-"}</TableCell>
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/constants.ts b/src/modules/attendance/constants.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb8616f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/constants.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * 考勤模块共享常量（消除 types.ts / attendance-sheet.tsx / attendance-filters.tsx / parent-attendance-calendar.tsx 重复定义）。
+ *
+ * 注意：标签使用 i18n key（`status.*`），由组件层通过 `useTranslations("attendance")` 解析。
+ */
+import type { AttendanceStatus } from "./types"
+
+/** 重导出类型，便于组件层从 constants 单点导入（消除 types/constants 双源混乱） */
+export type { AttendanceStatus } from "./types"
+
+/** 考勤状态选项（顺序即 UI 展示顺序） */
+export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_OPTIONS: AttendanceStatus[] = [
+  "present",
+  "absent",
+  "late",
+  "early_leave",
+  "excused",
+]
+
+/** 考勤状态 → i18n key 映射（组件层 `t(key)` 解析） */
+export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS: Record<AttendanceStatus, string> = {
+  present: "status.present",
+  absent: "status.absent",
+  late: "status.late",
+  early_leave: "status.early_leave",
+  excused: "status.excused",
+}
+
+/** 考勤状态 → Badge variant 映射 */
+export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS: Record<AttendanceStatus, "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"> = {
+  present: "default",
+  absent: "destructive",
+  late: "secondary",
+  early_leave: "outline",
+  excused: "outline",
+}
+
+/** 考勤状态 → Tailwind 圆点颜色类 */
+export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_DOT_COLORS: Record<AttendanceStatus, string> = {
+  present: "bg-green-500",
+  absent: "bg-red-500",
+  late: "bg-yellow-500",
+  early_leave: "bg-blue-500",
+  excused: "bg-purple-500",
+}
+
+/** 键盘快捷键映射 */
+export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_SHORTCUTS: Record<string, AttendanceStatus> = {
+  p: "present",
+  a: "absent",
+  l: "late",
+  e: "early_leave",
+  x: "excused",
+}
+
+/** 初始化状态计数，避免 `{} as Record<...>` 类型断言 */
+export function createInitialStatusCounts(): Record<AttendanceStatus, number> {
+  return {
+    present: 0,
+    absent: 0,
+    late: 0,
+    early_leave: 0,
+    excused: 0,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/data-access-stats.ts b/src/modules/attendance/data-access-stats.ts
index 21d3f64..12465bd 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/data-access-stats.ts
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/data-access-stats.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ const EMPTY_STATS: AttendanceStats = {
   lateRate: 0,
 }
 
-const computeStats = (rows: { status: string }[]): AttendanceStats => {
+/**
+ * 根据考勤记录行计算统计（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export const computeStats = (rows: { status: string }[]): AttendanceStats => {
   if (rows.length === 0) return EMPTY_STATS
   const stats: AttendanceStats = { ...EMPTY_STATS, total: rows.length }
   for (const r of rows) {
diff --git a/src/modules/attendance/types.ts b/src/modules/attendance/types.ts
index 9a940c9..3341d17 100644
--- a/src/modules/attendance/types.ts
+++ b/src/modules/attendance/types.ts
@@ -83,21 +83,7 @@ export interface PaginatedAttendanceResult {
   totalPages: number
 }
 
-export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABELS: Record<AttendanceStatus, string> = {
-  present: "Present",
-  absent: "Absent",
-  late: "Late",
-  early_leave: "Early Leave",
-  excused: "Excused",
-}
-
-export const ATTENDANCE_STATUS_COLORS: Record<
-  AttendanceStatus,
-  "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"
-> = {
-  present: "default",
-  absent: "destructive",
-  late: "secondary",
-  early_leave: "outline",
-  excused: "outline",
-}
+/**
+ * 注意：状态标签与颜色映射已迁移至 `./constants.ts`，
+ * 使用 i18n key（`status.*`）+ Badge variant，由组件层通过 `useTranslations("attendance")` 解析。
+ */
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/actions.ts b/src/modules/elective/actions.ts
index 788191f..99de612 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/actions.ts
+++ b/src/modules/elective/actions.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache"
 import { requirePermission, PermissionDeniedError } from "@/shared/lib/auth-guard"
 import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
 import type { ActionState } from "@/shared/types/action-state"
+import { trackEvent } from "@/shared/lib/track-event"
 
 import {
   CreateElectiveCourseSchema,
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import {
   RunLotterySchema,
 } from "./schema"
 import {
-  getElectiveCourses,
   getElectiveCourseById,
   createElectiveCourse,
   updateElectiveCourse,
@@ -22,15 +22,6 @@ import {
   closeSelection,
 } from "./data-access"
 import { runLottery, selectCourse, dropCourse } from "./data-access-operations"
-import {
-  getStudentSelections,
-  getAvailableCoursesForStudent,
-} from "./data-access-selections"
-import type {
-  ElectiveCourseWithDetails,
-  CourseSelectionWithDetails,
-  GetElectiveCoursesParams,
-} from "./types"
 
 const handleError = (e: unknown): ActionState<never> => {
   if (e instanceof PermissionDeniedError) return { success: false, message: e.message }
@@ -103,6 +94,13 @@ export async function createElectiveCourseAction(
     }
     const id = await createElectiveCourse(parsed.data, ctx.userId)
     revalidateElectivePaths(id)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.course_created",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+      properties: { capacity: parsed.data.capacity, selectionMode: parsed.data.selectionMode },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Elective course created", data: id }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -148,6 +146,12 @@ export async function updateElectiveCourseAction(
     }
     await updateElectiveCourse(id, parsed.data)
     revalidateElectivePaths(id)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.course_updated",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Elective course updated", data: id }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -169,6 +173,12 @@ export async function deleteElectiveCourseAction(
 
     await deleteElectiveCourse(id)
     revalidateElectivePaths()
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.course_deleted",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: id,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Elective course deleted" }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -190,6 +200,12 @@ export async function openSelectionAction(
 
     await openSelection(courseId)
     revalidateElectivePaths(courseId)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.selection_opened",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: courseId,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Selection opened" }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -211,6 +227,12 @@ export async function closeSelectionAction(
 
     await closeSelection(courseId)
     revalidateElectivePaths(courseId)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.selection_closed",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: courseId,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Selection closed" }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -241,6 +263,13 @@ export async function runLotteryAction(
 
     const result = await runLottery(parsed.data.courseId)
     revalidateElectivePaths(parsed.data.courseId)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.lottery_completed",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: parsed.data.courseId,
+      targetType: "elective_course",
+      properties: { enrolled: result.enrolled, waitlist: result.waitlist },
+    })
     return {
       success: true,
       message: `Lottery completed: ${result.enrolled} enrolled, ${result.waitlist} waitlisted`,
@@ -270,6 +299,13 @@ export async function selectCourseAction(
     }
     const result = await selectCourse(parsed.data.courseId, ctx.userId, parsed.data.priority)
     revalidateElectivePaths(parsed.data.courseId)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.course_selected",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: parsed.data.courseId,
+      targetType: "course_selection",
+      properties: { status: result.status, priority: parsed.data.priority },
+    })
     return { success: true, message: result.message, data: result.status }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
@@ -294,52 +330,14 @@ export async function dropCourseAction(
     }
     await dropCourse(parsed.data.courseId, ctx.userId)
     revalidateElectivePaths(parsed.data.courseId)
+    await trackEvent({
+      event: "elective.course_dropped",
+      userId: ctx.userId,
+      targetId: parsed.data.courseId,
+      targetType: "course_selection",
+    })
     return { success: true, message: "Course dropped" }
   } catch (e) {
     return handleError(e)
   }
 }
-
-export async function getElectiveCoursesAction(
-  params?: GetElectiveCoursesParams
-): Promise<ActionState<ElectiveCourseWithDetails[]>> {
-  try {
-    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ELECTIVE_READ)
-    const data = await getElectiveCourses({
-      ...params,
-      scope: ctx.dataScope,
-      currentUserId: ctx.userId,
-    })
-    return { success: true, data }
-  } catch (e) {
-    return handleError(e)
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getStudentSelectionsAction(
-  studentId: string
-): Promise<ActionState<CourseSelectionWithDetails[]>> {
-  try {
-    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ELECTIVE_READ)
-    if (ctx.dataScope.type === "class_members" && ctx.userId !== studentId) {
-      return { success: false, message: "Can only view your own selections" }
-    }
-    if (ctx.dataScope.type === "children" && !ctx.dataScope.childrenIds.includes(studentId)) {
-      return { success: false, message: "Can only view your children's selections" }
-    }
-    const data = await getStudentSelections(studentId)
-    return { success: true, data }
-  } catch (e) {
-    return handleError(e)
-  }
-}
-
-export async function getAvailableCoursesAction(): Promise<ActionState<ElectiveCourseWithDetails[]>> {
-  try {
-    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.ELECTIVE_SELECT)
-    const data = await getAvailableCoursesForStudent(ctx.userId)
-    return { success: true, data }
-  } catch (e) {
-    return handleError(e)
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form.tsx b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form.tsx
index 35ca627..fc9f4f9 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-form.tsx
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/select"
 
 import { createElectiveCourseAction, updateElectiveCourseAction } from "../actions"
+import { isSelectionMode } from "../constants"
 import type { ElectiveCourseWithDetails, ElectiveSelectionMode } from "../types"
 
 type Mode = "create" | "edit"
@@ -28,9 +29,6 @@ interface Option {
   name: string
 }
 
-const isSelectionMode = (v: string): v is ElectiveSelectionMode =>
-  v === "fcfs" || v === "lottery"
-
 export function ElectiveCourseForm({
   mode,
   course,
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-list.tsx b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-list.tsx
index 7c323f6..45f2bf6 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-list.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-course-list.tsx
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ import type { ActionState } from "@/shared/types/action-state"
 import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
 
 import {
-  ELECTIVE_STATUS_COLORS,
-  ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABELS,
-  SELECTION_MODE_LABELS,
-} from "../types"
+  ELECTIVE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS,
+  ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+  SELECTION_MODE_LABEL_KEYS,
+} from "../constants"
 import type { ElectiveCourseWithDetails } from "../types"
 import {
   deleteElectiveCourseAction,
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
         toast.success(res.message ?? successMsg)
         router.refresh()
       } else {
-        toast.error(res.message ?? "Operation failed")
+        toast.error(res.message ?? t("errors.unexpected"))
       }
       setPendingId(null)
     })
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
       formData.set("courseId", courseId)
       const res = await deleteElectiveCourseAction(null, formData)
       if (res.success) {
-        toast.success(res.message ?? "Course deleted")
+        toast.success(res.message ?? t("actions.delete"))
         router.refresh()
       } else {
-        toast.error(res.message ?? "Delete failed")
+        toast.error(res.message ?? t("errors.unexpected"))
       }
       setPendingId(null)
     })
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
               <Card key={course.id} className="flex h-full flex-col">
                 <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-start justify-between gap-2 space-y-0">
                   <CardTitle className="line-clamp-2 text-base">{course.name}</CardTitle>
-                  <Badge variant={ELECTIVE_STATUS_COLORS[course.status]} className="shrink-0">
-                    {ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABELS[course.status]}
+                  <Badge variant={ELECTIVE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS[course.status]} className="shrink-0">
+                    {t(ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[course.status])}
                   </Badge>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent className="flex flex-1 flex-col gap-3">
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                     {course.gradeName ? (
                       <Badge variant="outline">{course.gradeName}</Badge>
                     ) : null}
-                    <span>Credit: {course.credit}</span>
+                    <span>{t("fields.credit")}: {course.credit}</span>
                   </div>
 
                   {course.description ? (
@@ -136,25 +136,25 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
 
                   <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 text-xs">
                     <div>
-                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">Teacher:</span>{" "}
+                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.teacher")}:</span>{" "}
                       <span className="font-medium">{course.teacherName ?? "—"}</span>
                     </div>
                     <div>
-                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">Mode:</span>{" "}
+                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.selectionMode")}:</span>{" "}
                       <span className="font-medium">
-                        {SELECTION_MODE_LABELS[course.selectionMode]}
+                        {t(SELECTION_MODE_LABEL_KEYS[course.selectionMode])}
                       </span>
                     </div>
                     <div>
-                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">Capacity:</span>{" "}
+                      <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.capacity")}:</span>{" "}
                       <span className="font-medium">
                         {course.enrolledCount}/{course.capacity}
-                        {isFull ? " (Full)" : ""}
+                        {isFull ? ` (${t("student.capacityFull")})` : ""}
                       </span>
                     </div>
                     {course.classroom ? (
                       <div>
-                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">Room:</span>{" "}
+                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.classroom")}:</span>{" "}
                         <span className="font-medium">{course.classroom}</span>
                       </div>
                     ) : null}
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
 
                   {course.schedule ? (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      <span className="font-medium">Schedule:</span> {course.schedule}
+                      <span className="font-medium">{t("fields.schedule")}:</span> {course.schedule}
                     </p>
                   ) : null}
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                         >
                           <a href={`${editBaseHref}/${course.id}/edit`}>
                             <Pencil className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                            Edit
+                            {t("actions.edit")}
                           </a>
                         </Button>
                       ) : null}
@@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                           variant="outline"
                           size="sm"
                           disabled={isPendingThis}
-                          onClick={() => runAction(openSelectionAction, course.id, "Selection opened")}
+                          onClick={() => runAction(openSelectionAction, course.id, t("actions.openSelection"))}
                         >
                           <Unlock className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                          Open
+                          {t("actions.openSelection")}
                         </Button>
                       ) : null}
                       {course.status === "open" ? (
@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                           variant="outline"
                           size="sm"
                           disabled={isPendingThis}
-                          onClick={() => runAction(closeSelectionAction, course.id, "Selection closed")}
+                          onClick={() => runAction(closeSelectionAction, course.id, t("actions.closeSelection"))}
                         >
                           <Lock className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                          Close
+                          {t("actions.closeSelection")}
                         </Button>
                       ) : null}
                       {course.selectionMode === "lottery" && course.status !== "draft" ? (
@@ -207,10 +207,10 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                           variant="outline"
                           size="sm"
                           disabled={isPendingThis}
-                          onClick={() => runAction(runLotteryAction, course.id, "Lottery completed")}
+                          onClick={() => runAction(runLotteryAction, course.id, t("actions.runLottery"))}
                         >
                           <Shuffle className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                          Lottery
+                          {t("actions.runLottery")}
                         </Button>
                       ) : null}
                       <Button
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ export function ElectiveCourseList({
                         onClick={() => handleDelete(course.id)}
                       >
                         <Trash2 className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                        Delete
+                        {t("actions.delete")}
                       </Button>
                     </div>
                   ) : null}
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-filters.tsx b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-filters.tsx
index debbea8..c0efd76 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/components/elective-filters.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/elective/components/elective-filters.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "use client"
 
 import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from "nuqs"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 
 import {
   Select,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ import {
 import { FilterBar, FilterSearchInput } from "@/shared/components/ui/filter-bar"
 
 export function ElectiveFilters() {
+  const t = useTranslations("elective")
   const [search, setSearch] = useQueryState("q", parseAsString.withDefault(""))
   const [mode, setMode] = useQueryState("mode", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
 
@@ -29,18 +31,18 @@ export function ElectiveFilters() {
       <FilterSearchInput
         value={search}
         onChange={(v) => setSearch(v || null)}
-        placeholder="Search by course name, teacher..."
+        placeholder={t("form.namePlaceholder")}
       />
 
       <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2 w-full md:w-auto">
         <Select value={mode} onValueChange={(val) => setMode(val === "all" ? null : val)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px] bg-background border-muted-foreground/20">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="Selection Mode" />
+          <SelectTrigger className="w-[160px] bg-background border-muted-foreground/20" aria-label={t("fields.selectionMode")}>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("fields.selectionMode")} />
           </SelectTrigger>
           <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All Modes</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="fcfs">First Come First Served</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="lottery">Lottery</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.allStatuses")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="fcfs">{t("selectionMode.fcfs")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="lottery">{t("selectionMode.lottery")}</SelectItem>
           </SelectContent>
         </Select>
       </div>
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/components/student-selection-view.tsx b/src/modules/elective/components/student-selection-view.tsx
index 631ddb7..2ea7a36 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/components/student-selection-view.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/elective/components/student-selection-view.tsx
@@ -3,19 +3,32 @@
 import { useState, useTransition } from "react"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { BookOpen, CheckCircle2, XCircle } from "lucide-react"
 
+import {
+  AlertDialog,
+  AlertDialogAction,
+  AlertDialogCancel,
+  AlertDialogContent,
+  AlertDialogDescription,
+  AlertDialogFooter,
+  AlertDialogHeader,
+  AlertDialogTitle,
+  AlertDialogTrigger,
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/alert-dialog"
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
 import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 
 import {
-  COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_COLORS,
-  COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABELS,
-  ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABELS,
-  SELECTION_MODE_LABELS,
-} from "../types"
+  COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS,
+  COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+  ELECTIVE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS,
+  ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+  SELECTION_MODE_LABEL_KEYS,
+} from "../constants"
 import type {
   CourseSelectionWithDetails,
   ElectiveCourseWithDetails,
@@ -30,6 +43,7 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
   mySelections: CourseSelectionWithDetails[]
 }) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const t = useTranslations("elective")
   const [pendingId, setPendingId] = useState<string | null>(null)
   const [isPending, startTransition] = useTransition()
 
@@ -47,10 +61,10 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
       formData.set("courseId", courseId)
       const res = await selectCourseAction(null, formData)
       if (res.success) {
-        toast.success(res.message)
+        toast.success(res.message || t("student.selectSuccess"))
         router.refresh()
       } else {
-        toast.error(res.message ?? "Failed to select course")
+        toast.error(res.message ?? t("errors.unexpected"))
       }
       setPendingId(null)
     })
@@ -63,10 +77,10 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
       formData.set("courseId", courseId)
       const res = await dropCourseAction(null, formData)
       if (res.success) {
-        toast.success(res.message)
+        toast.success(res.message || t("student.dropSuccess"))
         router.refresh()
       } else {
-        toast.error(res.message ?? "Failed to drop course")
+        toast.error(res.message ?? t("errors.unexpected"))
       }
       setPendingId(null)
     })
@@ -76,15 +90,15 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
     <div className="space-y-8">
       <section className="space-y-4">
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">My Selections</h3>
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">{t("student.mySelections")}</h3>
           <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            {activeSelections.length} active
+            {activeSelections.length}
           </span>
         </div>
         {activeSelections.length === 0 ? (
           <EmptyState
-            title="No selections yet"
-            description="Browse available courses below and select your electives."
+            title={t("list.empty")}
+            description={t("description.student")}
             icon={BookOpen}
             className="h-auto border-none shadow-none"
           />
@@ -94,33 +108,52 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
               <Card key={sel.id}>
                 <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-start justify-between gap-2 space-y-0">
                   <CardTitle className="text-base">
-                    {sel.courseName ?? "Unknown course"}
+                    {sel.courseName ?? t("errors.notFound")}
                   </CardTitle>
-                  <Badge variant={COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_COLORS[sel.status]}>
-                    {COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABELS[sel.status]}
+                  <Badge variant={COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS[sel.status]}>
+                    {t(COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[sel.status])}
                   </Badge>
                 </CardHeader>
                 <CardContent className="space-y-3">
                   {sel.courseCapacity !== null && sel.courseEnrolledCount !== null ? (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Enrolled: {sel.courseEnrolledCount}/{sel.courseCapacity}
+                      {t("fields.enrolled")}: {sel.courseEnrolledCount}/{sel.courseCapacity}
                     </p>
                   ) : null}
                   {sel.lotteryRank ? (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      Lottery rank: #{sel.lotteryRank}
+                      #{sel.lotteryRank}
                     </p>
                   ) : null}
-                  <Button
-                    variant="outline"
-                    size="sm"
-                    className="text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
-                    disabled={isPending && pendingId === sel.courseId}
-                    onClick={() => handleDrop(sel.courseId)}
-                  >
-                    <XCircle className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                    Drop
-                  </Button>
+                  <AlertDialog>
+                    <AlertDialogTrigger asChild>
+                      <Button
+                        variant="outline"
+                        size="sm"
+                        className="text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
+                        disabled={isPending && pendingId === sel.courseId}
+                      >
+                        <XCircle className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
+                        {t("actions.drop")}
+                      </Button>
+                    </AlertDialogTrigger>
+                    <AlertDialogContent>
+                      <AlertDialogHeader>
+                        <AlertDialogTitle>{t("student.confirmDrop")}</AlertDialogTitle>
+                        <AlertDialogDescription>
+                          {t("student.confirmDrop")}
+                        </AlertDialogDescription>
+                      </AlertDialogHeader>
+                      <AlertDialogFooter>
+                        <AlertDialogCancel>{t("actions.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
+                        <AlertDialogAction
+                          onClick={() => handleDrop(sel.courseId)}
+                        >
+                          {t("actions.drop")}
+                        </AlertDialogAction>
+                      </AlertDialogFooter>
+                    </AlertDialogContent>
+                  </AlertDialog>
                 </CardContent>
               </Card>
             ))}
@@ -130,15 +163,15 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
 
       <section className="space-y-4">
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">Available Courses</h3>
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold">{t("student.availableCourses")}</h3>
           <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-            {availableCourses.length} open
+            {availableCourses.length}
           </span>
         </div>
         {availableCourses.length === 0 ? (
           <EmptyState
-            title="No available courses"
-            description="There are no elective courses open for selection right now."
+            title={t("list.emptyStudent")}
+            description={t("description.student")}
             icon={BookOpen}
             className="h-auto border-none shadow-none"
           />
@@ -149,11 +182,11 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
               const alreadySelected = selectedCourseIds.has(course.id)
               const isPendingThis = isPending && pendingId === course.id
               return (
-                <Card key={course.id} className="flex h-full flex-col">
+                <Card key={course.id} className="flex h-full flex-col" role="article" aria-label={course.name}>
                   <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-start justify-between gap-2 space-y-0">
                     <CardTitle className="line-clamp-2 text-base">{course.name}</CardTitle>
-                    <Badge variant="outline">
-                      {ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABELS[course.status]}
+                    <Badge variant={ELECTIVE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS[course.status]}>
+                      {t(ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[course.status])}
                     </Badge>
                   </CardHeader>
                   <CardContent className="flex flex-1 flex-col gap-3">
@@ -161,8 +194,8 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
                       {course.subjectName ? (
                         <Badge variant="outline">{course.subjectName}</Badge>
                       ) : null}
-                      <span>Credit: {course.credit}</span>
-                      <span>· {SELECTION_MODE_LABELS[course.selectionMode]}</span>
+                      <span>{t("fields.credit")}: {course.credit}</span>
+                      <span>· {t(SELECTION_MODE_LABEL_KEYS[course.selectionMode])}</span>
                     </div>
                     {course.description ? (
                       <p className="line-clamp-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
@@ -171,27 +204,27 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
                     ) : null}
                     <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 text-xs">
                       <div>
-                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">Teacher:</span>{" "}
+                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.teacher")}:</span>{" "}
                         <span className="font-medium">{course.teacherName ?? "—"}</span>
                       </div>
                       <div>
-                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">Capacity:</span>{" "}
+                        <span className="text-muted-foreground">{t("fields.capacity")}:</span>{" "}
                         <span className="font-medium">
                           {course.enrolledCount}/{course.capacity}
-                          {isFull ? " (Full)" : ""}
+                          {isFull ? ` (${t("student.capacityFull")})` : ""}
                         </span>
                       </div>
                     </div>
                     {course.schedule ? (
                       <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                        <span className="font-medium">Schedule:</span> {course.schedule}
+                        <span className="font-medium">{t("fields.schedule")}:</span> {course.schedule}
                       </p>
                     ) : null}
                     <div className="mt-auto pt-2">
                       {alreadySelected ? (
                         <Button variant="secondary" size="sm" disabled>
                           <CheckCircle2 className="mr-1 h-3 w-3" />
-                          Already selected
+                          {t("student.selected")}
                         </Button>
                       ) : (
                         <Button
@@ -199,7 +232,7 @@ export function StudentSelectionView({
                           disabled={isPendingThis}
                           onClick={() => handleSelect(course.id)}
                         >
-                          {isPendingThis ? "Selecting..." : "Select"}
+                          {isPendingThis ? t("actions.select") + "..." : t("actions.select")}
                         </Button>
                       )}
                     </div>
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/constants.ts b/src/modules/elective/constants.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0afd770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/elective/constants.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * 选修课模块共享常量（消除 types.ts / elective-course-form.tsx / elective-filters.tsx 重复定义）。
+ *
+ * 注意：标签使用 i18n key，由组件层通过 `useTranslations("elective")` 解析。
+ */
+import type {
+  ElectiveCourseStatus,
+  ElectiveSelectionMode,
+  CourseSelectionStatus,
+} from "./types"
+
+/** 课程状态 → i18n key 映射 */
+export const ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS: Record<ElectiveCourseStatus, string> = {
+  draft: "status.draft",
+  open: "status.open",
+  closed: "status.closed",
+  cancelled: "status.cancelled",
+}
+
+/** 课程状态 → Badge variant 映射 */
+export const ELECTIVE_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS: Record<ElectiveCourseStatus, "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"> = {
+  draft: "secondary",
+  open: "default",
+  closed: "outline",
+  cancelled: "destructive",
+}
+
+/** 选课模式 → i18n key 映射 */
+export const SELECTION_MODE_LABEL_KEYS: Record<ElectiveSelectionMode, string> = {
+  fcfs: "selectionMode.fcfs",
+  lottery: "selectionMode.lottery",
+}
+
+/** 选课状态 → i18n key 映射 */
+export const COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS: Record<CourseSelectionStatus, string> = {
+  selected: "selectionStatus.selected",
+  enrolled: "selectionStatus.enrolled",
+  waitlist: "selectionStatus.waitlist",
+  dropped: "selectionStatus.dropped",
+  rejected: "selectionStatus.rejected",
+}
+
+/** 选课状态 → Badge variant 映射 */
+export const COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_BADGE_VARIANTS: Record<CourseSelectionStatus, "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"> = {
+  selected: "secondary",
+  enrolled: "default",
+  waitlist: "outline",
+  dropped: "destructive",
+  rejected: "destructive",
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：校验字符串是否为合法的选课模式 */
+export function isSelectionMode(v: string): v is ElectiveSelectionMode {
+  return v === "fcfs" || v === "lottery"
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/data-access-operations.ts b/src/modules/elective/data-access-operations.ts
index 9c24961..93c6cac 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/data-access-operations.ts
+++ b/src/modules/elective/data-access-operations.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ import {
 
 import type { CourseSelectionStatus } from "./types"
 
-function buildLotteryRankCase(ids: string[], startRank: number): SQL {
+/**
+ * 构建 lotteryRank 的 CASE SQL 表达式（纯函数，便于测试 SQL 片段结构）。
+ */
+export function buildLotteryRankCase(ids: string[], startRank: number): SQL {
   const branches = ids.map(
     (id, idx) => sql`WHEN ${id} THEN ${startRank + idx}`
   )
diff --git a/src/modules/elective/types.ts b/src/modules/elective/types.ts
index 4704b80..d5f894b 100644
--- a/src/modules/elective/types.ts
+++ b/src/modules/elective/types.ts
@@ -66,43 +66,8 @@ export interface GetElectiveCoursesParams {
   teacherId?: string
 }
 
-export const ELECTIVE_STATUS_LABELS: Record<ElectiveCourseStatus, string> = {
-  draft: "Draft",
-  open: "Open",
-  closed: "Closed",
-  cancelled: "Cancelled",
-}
-
-export const ELECTIVE_STATUS_COLORS: Record<
-  ElectiveCourseStatus,
-  "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"
-> = {
-  draft: "secondary",
-  open: "default",
-  closed: "outline",
-  cancelled: "destructive",
-}
-
-export const SELECTION_MODE_LABELS: Record<ElectiveSelectionMode, string> = {
-  fcfs: "First Come First Served",
-  lottery: "Lottery",
-}
-
-export const COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_LABELS: Record<CourseSelectionStatus, string> = {
-  selected: "Selected",
-  enrolled: "Enrolled",
-  waitlist: "Waitlist",
-  dropped: "Dropped",
-  rejected: "Rejected",
-}
-
-export const COURSE_SELECTION_STATUS_COLORS: Record<
-  CourseSelectionStatus,
-  "default" | "secondary" | "destructive" | "outline"
-> = {
-  selected: "secondary",
-  enrolled: "default",
-  waitlist: "outline",
-  dropped: "destructive",
-  rejected: "destructive",
-}
+/**
+ * 注意：状态标签与颜色映射已迁移至 `./constants.ts`，
+ * 使用 i18n key（`status.*` / `selectionMode.*` / `selectionStatus.*`）+ Badge variant，
+ * 由组件层通过 `useTranslations("elective")` 解析。
+ */
diff --git a/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-calendar.tsx b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-calendar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09dca06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-calendar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from "lucide-react"
+import { useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import {
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_DOT_COLORS,
+  ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS,
+} from "@/modules/attendance/constants"
+import type {
+  ParentAttendanceListItem,
+  ParentAttendanceStatus,
+  ParentStudentAttendanceSummary,
+} from "@/modules/parent/types"
+
+const WEEKDAY_KEYS = [
+  "parent.weekday.sun",
+  "parent.weekday.mon",
+  "parent.weekday.tue",
+  "parent.weekday.wed",
+  "parent.weekday.thu",
+  "parent.weekday.fri",
+  "parent.weekday.sat",
+] as const
+
+/**
+ * 格式化日期为 `YYYY-MM-DD`（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function formatDateKey(d: Date): string {
+  const y = d.getFullYear()
+  const m = String(d.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, "0")
+  const day = String(d.getDate()).padStart(2, "0")
+  return `${y}-${m}-${day}`
+}
+
+/**
+ * 解析 `YYYY-MM-DD` 为 Date（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function parseDateKey(key: string): Date | null {
+  const parts = key.split("-")
+  if (parts.length !== 3) return null
+  const [y, m, d] = parts.map(Number)
+  if (!y || !m || !d) return null
+  return new Date(y, m - 1, d)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 构建日历单元格（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function buildCalendarDays(year: number, month: number): Array<Date | null> {
+  const firstDay = new Date(year, month, 1)
+  const lastDay = new Date(year, month + 1, 0)
+  const startWeekday = firstDay.getDay()
+  const totalDays = lastDay.getDate()
+  const cells: Array<Date | null> = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < startWeekday; i += 1) cells.push(null)
+  for (let day = 1; day <= totalDays; day += 1) {
+    cells.push(new Date(year, month, day))
+  }
+  while (cells.length % 7 !== 0) cells.push(null)
+  return cells
+}
+
+/**
+ * 判断两个日期是否为同一天（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function isSameDay(a: Date, b: Date): boolean {
+  return (
+    a.getFullYear() === b.getFullYear() &&
+    a.getMonth() === b.getMonth() &&
+    a.getDate() === b.getDate()
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * 家长视角的考勤月历视图。
+ * 基于子女的近期考勤记录，在月历上按状态着色，让家长直观看到出勤分布。
+ */
+export function ParentAttendanceCalendar({
+  summary,
+}: {
+  summary: ParentStudentAttendanceSummary
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
+  const now = new Date()
+  const [viewYear, setViewYear] = useState(now.getFullYear())
+  const [viewMonth, setViewMonth] = useState(now.getMonth())
+
+  const recordMap = new Map<string, ParentAttendanceListItem>()
+  for (const r of summary.recentRecords) {
+    const d = parseDateKey(r.date)
+    if (d) recordMap.set(formatDateKey(d), r)
+  }
+
+  const days = buildCalendarDays(viewYear, viewMonth)
+  const monthLabel = new Date(viewYear, viewMonth, 1).toLocaleDateString("en-US", {
+    year: "numeric",
+    month: "long",
+  })
+
+  const goPrev = () => {
+    if (viewMonth === 0) {
+      setViewMonth(11)
+      setViewYear((y) => y - 1)
+    } else {
+      setViewMonth((m) => m - 1)
+    }
+  }
+  const goNext = () => {
+    if (viewMonth === 11) {
+      setViewMonth(0)
+      setViewYear((y) => y + 1)
+    } else {
+      setViewMonth((m) => m + 1)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const usedStatuses = new Set<ParentAttendanceStatus>()
+  for (const r of recordMap.values()) usedStatuses.add(r.status)
+
+  return (
+    <Card aria-label={t("parent.calendarTitle", { name: summary.studentName })}>
+      <CardHeader className="pb-2">
+        <CardTitle className="flex items-center justify-between text-base">
+          <span>{t("parent.calendarFor", { name: summary.studentName })}</span>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={goPrev}
+              aria-label={t("parent.prevMonth")}
+              className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center rounded-md hover:bg-muted focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring focus-visible:ring-offset-2"
+            >
+              <ChevronLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </button>
+            <span className="min-w-[120px] text-center text-sm font-medium">{monthLabel}</span>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={goNext}
+              aria-label={t("parent.nextMonth")}
+              className="inline-flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center rounded-md hover:bg-muted focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring focus-visible:ring-offset-2"
+            >
+              <ChevronRight className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+        </CardTitle>
+      </CardHeader>
+      <CardContent className="space-y-3">
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-7 gap-1 text-center text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+          {WEEKDAY_KEYS.map((key) => (
+            <div key={key} className="py-1">
+              {t(key)}
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+        <div className="grid grid-cols-7 gap-1">
+          {days.map((d, idx) => {
+            if (!d) return <div key={`empty-${idx}`} className="aspect-square" />
+            const key = formatDateKey(d)
+            const record = recordMap.get(key)
+            const isToday = isSameDay(d, now)
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={key}
+                className={cn(
+                  "relative flex aspect-square flex-col items-center justify-center rounded-md border text-xs",
+                  "min-h-[36px]",
+                  record ? "border-border bg-muted/30" : "border-transparent",
+                  isToday && "ring-2 ring-primary ring-offset-1",
+                )}
+                aria-label={
+                  record
+                    ? `${formatDateKey(d)}: ${t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[record.status])}`
+                    : formatDateKey(d)
+                }
+              >
+                <span className="tabular-nums">{d.getDate()}</span>
+                {record ? (
+                  <span
+                    className={cn(
+                      "mt-0.5 h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full",
+                      ATTENDANCE_STATUS_DOT_COLORS[record.status],
+                    )}
+                    aria-hidden
+                  />
+                ) : null}
+              </div>
+            )
+          })}
+        </div>
+        {usedStatuses.size > 0 ? (
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-3 pt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            {Array.from(usedStatuses).map((status) => (
+              <span key={status} className="inline-flex items-center gap-1.5">
+                <span
+                  className={cn("h-2 w-2 rounded-full", ATTENDANCE_STATUS_DOT_COLORS[status])}
+                  aria-hidden
+                />
+                {t(ATTENDANCE_STATUS_LABEL_KEYS[status])}
+              </span>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+        ) : null}
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-rate-card.tsx b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-rate-card.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042e496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-rate-card.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { CalendarCheck, CalendarX, Clock, TrendingUp } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+
+import { Card } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import type { ParentStudentAttendanceSummary } from "@/modules/parent/types"
+
+type AggregateStats = {
+  totalStudents: number
+  avgPresentRate: number
+  totalAbsent: number
+  totalLate: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 聚合多个子女的考勤统计（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function aggregateStats(
+  summaries: ParentStudentAttendanceSummary[],
+): AggregateStats {
+  if (summaries.length === 0) {
+    return { totalStudents: 0, avgPresentRate: 0, totalAbsent: 0, totalLate: 0 }
+  }
+  const totalStudents = summaries.length
+  const sumRate = summaries.reduce(
+    (sum, s) => sum + (s.stats.total > 0 ? s.stats.presentRate : 0),
+    0,
+  )
+  const avgPresentRate = sumRate / totalStudents
+  const totalAbsent = summaries.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.absent, 0)
+  const totalLate = summaries.reduce((sum, s) => sum + s.stats.late, 0)
+  return { totalStudents, avgPresentRate, totalLate, totalAbsent }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 根据出勤率返回语气色调（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function rateTone(rate: number): "good" | "warn" | "bad" {
+  if (rate >= 95) return "good"
+  if (rate >= 90) return "warn"
+  return "bad"
+}
+
+const TONE_STYLES: Record<"good" | "warn" | "bad", string> = {
+  good: "text-emerald-600",
+  warn: "text-amber-600",
+  bad: "text-destructive",
+}
+
+/**
+ * 家长考勤页顶部的出勤率汇总卡片。
+ * 聚合所有子女的出勤率、缺勤、迟到总数，让家长一眼掌握整体情况。
+ */
+export function ParentAttendanceRateCard({
+  summaries,
+}: {
+  summaries: ParentStudentAttendanceSummary[]
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
+  const stats = aggregateStats(summaries)
+  if (stats.totalStudents === 0) return null
+
+  const tone = rateTone(stats.avgPresentRate)
+  const rateLabel =
+    stats.avgPresentRate >= 95
+      ? t("parent.rateExcellent")
+      : stats.avgPresentRate >= 90
+        ? t("parent.rateNeedsAttention")
+        : t("parent.rateBelowStandard")
+
+  return (
+    <Card className="p-4" aria-label={t("parent.rateCardTitle")}>
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-4">
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <TrendingUp className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+            {t("stats.attendanceRate")}
+          </div>
+          <div className={cn("text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums", TONE_STYLES[tone])}>
+            {stats.avgPresentRate.toFixed(1)}%
+          </div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{rateLabel}</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <CalendarCheck className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+            {t("parent.children")}
+          </div>
+          <div className="text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums">{stats.totalStudents}</div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("parent.linked")}</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <CalendarX className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+            {t("stats.absent")}
+          </div>
+          <div
+            className={cn(
+              "text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums",
+              stats.totalAbsent > 0 && "text-destructive",
+            )}
+          >
+            {stats.totalAbsent}
+          </div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("parent.thisPeriod")}</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="space-y-1">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <Clock className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+            {t("stats.late")}
+          </div>
+          <div
+            className={cn(
+              "text-2xl font-bold tabular-nums",
+              stats.totalLate > 0 && "text-amber-600",
+            )}
+          >
+            {stats.totalLate}
+          </div>
+          <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("parent.thisPeriod")}</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Card>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-warning.tsx b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-warning.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e0910b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/parent/components/parent-attendance-warning.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { AlertTriangle, Phone } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+
+import { Card } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import type { ParentStudentAttendanceSummary } from "@/modules/parent/types"
+
+type Warning = {
+  studentId: string
+  studentName: string
+  message: string
+  severity: "high" | "medium"
+}
+
+/** 翻译函数类型（与 `useTranslations("attendance")` 返回值兼容） */
+type Translator = ReturnType<typeof useTranslations>
+
+/**
+ * 构建考勤异常预警列表（纯函数，便于测试）。
+ */
+export function buildWarnings(
+  summaries: ParentStudentAttendanceSummary[],
+  t: Translator,
+): Warning[] {
+  const warnings: Warning[] = []
+
+  for (const s of summaries) {
+    const { stats, studentName, studentId } = s
+    if (stats.absent >= 3) {
+      warnings.push({
+        studentId,
+        studentName,
+        message: t("parent.absentHighSeverity", { count: stats.absent }),
+        severity: "high",
+      })
+    } else if (stats.absent >= 1) {
+      warnings.push({
+        studentId,
+        studentName,
+        message: t("parent.absentWarning", { count: stats.absent }),
+        severity: "medium",
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (stats.late >= 3) {
+      warnings.push({
+        studentId,
+        studentName,
+        message: t("parent.lateWarning", { count: stats.late }),
+        severity: "medium",
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (stats.presentRate < 90 && stats.total > 0) {
+      warnings.push({
+        studentId,
+        studentName,
+        message: t("parent.lowRateWarning", { rate: stats.presentRate.toFixed(1) }),
+        severity: "high",
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return warnings
+}
+
+/**
+ * 家长视角的考勤异常预警横幅。
+ * 聚合所有子女的考勤异常（缺勤、迟到、低出勤率），提醒家长及时关注。
+ */
+export function ParentAttendanceWarning({
+  summaries,
+}: {
+  summaries: ParentStudentAttendanceSummary[]
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations("attendance")
+  const warnings = buildWarnings(summaries, t)
+  if (warnings.length === 0) return null
+
+  return (
+    <Card
+      className={cn(
+        "border-destructive/30 bg-destructive/5 p-4",
+        warnings.some((w) => w.severity === "high") && "border-destructive/50",
+      )}
+      aria-label={t("parent.warningTitle")}
+    >
+      <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+        <AlertTriangle
+          className="h-5 w-5 text-destructive shrink-0 mt-0.5"
+          aria-hidden
+        />
+        <div className="flex-1 space-y-2">
+          <div className="text-sm font-semibold text-destructive">
+            {t("parent.warningTitle")}
+          </div>
+          <ul className="space-y-1.5 text-sm">
+            {warnings.map((w, idx) => (
+              <li key={`${w.studentId}-${idx}`} className="flex items-start gap-2">
+                <span className="font-medium shrink-0">{w.studentName}:</span>
+                <span className="text-muted-foreground">{w.message}</span>
+              </li>
+            ))}
+          </ul>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2 pt-1 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <Phone className="h-3 w-3" aria-hidden />
+            <span>{t("parent.contactHomeroom")}</span>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </Card>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/parent/types.ts b/src/modules/parent/types.ts
index 6a44888..140b798 100644
--- a/src/modules/parent/types.ts
+++ b/src/modules/parent/types.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ export type ChildScheduleItem = {
   location: string | null
 }
 
+/** 单条周课表项（含 weekday）。 */
+export type ChildWeeklyScheduleItem = ChildScheduleItem & {
+  /** 1=周一 ... 7=周日 */
+  weekday: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
+}
+
 /** 子女作业摘要（统计计数 + 最近作业列表）。 */
 export type ChildHomeworkSummaryData = {
   pendingCount: number
@@ -54,6 +60,8 @@ export type ChildDashboardData = {
   basicInfo: ChildBasicInfo
   enrolledClasses: StudentEnrolledClass[]
   todaySchedule: ChildScheduleItem[]
+  /** 完整周课表（按 weekday 升序）。 */
+  weeklySchedule: ChildWeeklyScheduleItem[]
   homeworkSummary: ChildHomeworkSummaryData
   /** 成绩趋势数据；`trend` 按时间升序，`recent` 按时间降序。 */
   gradeTrend: StudentDashboardGradeProps
@@ -65,3 +73,45 @@ export type ParentDashboardData = {
   parentName: string | null
   children: ChildDashboardData[]
 }
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* 考勤视图模型（解耦 parent 模块对 attendance/types 的直接依赖）        */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/**
+ * 家长视角所需的考勤状态枚举。
+ * 与 `attendance.AttendanceStatus` 结构兼容，但由 parent 模块自行声明，
+ * 避免 parent 反向依赖 attendance 模块的类型变更。
+ */
+export type ParentAttendanceStatus =
+  | "present"
+  | "absent"
+  | "late"
+  | "early_leave"
+  | "excused"
+
+/** 家长视角所需的单条考勤记录（仅保留展示字段）。 */
+export type ParentAttendanceListItem = {
+  id: string
+  date: string
+  status: ParentAttendanceStatus
+  remark: string | null
+}
+
+/** 家长视角所需的考勤统计（仅保留展示字段）。 */
+export type ParentAttendanceStats = {
+  total: number
+  present: number
+  absent: number
+  late: number
+  presentRate: number
+}
+
+/** 家长视角所需的单个子女考勤汇总。 */
+export type ParentStudentAttendanceSummary = {
+  studentId: string
+  studentName: string
+  stats: ParentAttendanceStats
+  recentRecords: ParentAttendanceListItem[]
+}
+
diff --git a/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/attendance.json b/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/attendance.json
index f562c13..6cd220d 100644
--- a/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/attendance.json
+++ b/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/attendance.json
@@ -31,7 +31,12 @@
     "excused": "Excused",
     "attendanceRate": "Attendance Rate",
     "lateRate": "Late Rate",
-    "recentRecords": "Recent Records"
+    "recentRecords": "Recent Records",
+    "studentRecords": "Student Records",
+    "noClasses": "No classes",
+    "noClassesDescription": "You don't have any classes yet.",
+    "noData": "No data",
+    "noDataDescription": "No attendance data available for this class."
   },
   "filters": {
     "class": "Class",
@@ -66,7 +71,10 @@
     "selectClass": "Select Class",
     "selectDate": "Select Date",
     "noStudents": "No students in this class",
+    "description": "Select a class and date, then mark attendance for each student.",
     "confirmDelete": "Are you sure you want to delete this attendance record?",
+    "confirmClassSwitch": "Switching class will discard unsaved changes. Continue?",
+    "confirmClassSwitchAction": "Switch Class",
     "saved": "Attendance saved",
     "updated": "Attendance updated",
     "deleted": "Attendance record deleted"
@@ -86,10 +94,34 @@
   "parent": {
     "warningTitle": "Attendance Warnings",
     "rateCardTitle": "Attendance Rate Summary",
-    "calendarTitle": "Attendance Calendar",
+    "calendarTitle": "Attendance calendar for {name}",
+    "calendarFor": "{name}'s Calendar",
+    "prevMonth": "Previous month",
+    "nextMonth": "Next month",
     "noWarnings": "No attendance warnings",
     "absentWarning": "{count} absence(s)",
+    "absentHighSeverity": "{count} absences recorded. Consider contacting the homeroom teacher.",
     "lateWarning": "{count} late arrival(s)",
-    "lowRateWarning": "Attendance rate {rate}% below threshold"
+    "lowRateWarning": "Attendance rate {rate}% below threshold",
+    "contactHomeroom": "Consider contacting the homeroom teacher for details.",
+    "rateExcellent": "Excellent",
+    "rateNeedsAttention": "Needs attention",
+    "rateBelowStandard": "Below standard",
+    "children": "Children",
+    "linked": "linked",
+    "thisPeriod": "this period",
+    "noChildrenTitle": "No children linked",
+    "noChildrenDescription": "Your account is not linked to any student accounts yet. Please contact the school administrator.",
+    "compareDescription": "Compare attendance across all your children. For single-child details, open the child's detail page.",
+    "noRecordsDescription": "Your children don't have any attendance records yet.",
+    "weekday": {
+      "sun": "Sun",
+      "mon": "Mon",
+      "tue": "Tue",
+      "wed": "Wed",
+      "thu": "Thu",
+      "fri": "Fri",
+      "sat": "Sat"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/elective.json b/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/elective.json
index 90a8d12..d743366 100644
--- a/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/elective.json
+++ b/src/shared/i18n/messages/en/elective.json
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
   },
   "description": {
     "adminList": "Manage elective courses, open/close selection and lottery.",
+    "create": "Create a new elective course.",
+    "edit": "Update elective course details.",
     "teacher": "View and manage the elective courses you teach.",
     "student": "Browse available courses and make selections."
   },
@@ -21,6 +23,9 @@
     "fcfs": "First Come First Served",
     "lottery": "Lottery"
   },
+  "filters": {
+    "allStatuses": "All Modes"
+  },
   "selectionStatus": {
     "selected": "Selected",
     "enrolled": "Enrolled",
diff --git a/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/attendance.json b/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/attendance.json
index d78c02c..0450d04 100644
--- a/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/attendance.json
+++ b/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/attendance.json
@@ -31,7 +31,12 @@
     "excused": "请假",
     "attendanceRate": "出勤率",
     "lateRate": "迟到率",
-    "recentRecords": "最近记录"
+    "recentRecords": "最近记录",
+    "studentRecords": "学生记录",
+    "noClasses": "暂无班级",
+    "noClassesDescription": "您目前没有任何班级。",
+    "noData": "暂无数据",
+    "noDataDescription": "该班级暂无考勤数据。"
   },
   "filters": {
     "class": "班级",
@@ -66,7 +71,10 @@
     "selectClass": "选择班级",
     "selectDate": "选择日期",
     "noStudents": "该班级暂无学生",
+    "description": "选择班级和日期，然后为每位学生标记考勤。",
     "confirmDelete": "确定删除此条考勤记录吗？",
+    "confirmClassSwitch": "切换班级将丢弃未保存的修改，是否继续？",
+    "confirmClassSwitchAction": "切换班级",
     "saved": "考勤已保存",
     "updated": "考勤已更新",
     "deleted": "考勤记录已删除"
@@ -86,10 +94,34 @@
   "parent": {
     "warningTitle": "考勤异常预警",
     "rateCardTitle": "出勤率汇总",
-    "calendarTitle": "考勤月历",
+    "calendarTitle": "{name} 的考勤月历",
+    "calendarFor": "{name} 的月历",
+    "prevMonth": "上个月",
+    "nextMonth": "下个月",
     "noWarnings": "暂无考勤异常",
     "absentWarning": "{count} 次缺勤",
+    "absentHighSeverity": "已记录 {count} 次缺勤，建议联系班主任了解情况。",
     "lateWarning": "{count} 次迟到",
-    "lowRateWarning": "出勤率 {rate}% 低于阈值"
+    "lowRateWarning": "出勤率 {rate}% 低于阈值",
+    "contactHomeroom": "如需了解详情，请联系班主任。",
+    "rateExcellent": "优秀",
+    "rateNeedsAttention": "需要关注",
+    "rateBelowStandard": "未达标",
+    "children": "子女",
+    "linked": "已关联",
+    "thisPeriod": "本周期",
+    "noChildrenTitle": "尚未关联子女",
+    "noChildrenDescription": "您的账号尚未关联任何学生账号，请联系学校管理员。",
+    "compareDescription": "对比所有子女的考勤情况。如需查看单个子女详情，请进入子女详情页。",
+    "noRecordsDescription": "您的子女暂无任何考勤记录。",
+    "weekday": {
+      "sun": "周日",
+      "mon": "周一",
+      "tue": "周二",
+      "wed": "周三",
+      "thu": "周四",
+      "fri": "周五",
+      "sat": "周六"
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/elective.json b/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/elective.json
index 5d2532d..07f4bd1 100644
--- a/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/elective.json
+++ b/src/shared/i18n/messages/zh-CN/elective.json
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
   },
   "description": {
     "adminList": "管理选修课程、开放/关闭选课与抽签。",
+    "create": "创建新的选修课程。",
+    "edit": "更新选修课程详情。",
     "teacher": "查看和管理您教授的选修课程。",
     "student": "浏览可选课程并进行选课。"
   },
@@ -21,6 +23,9 @@
     "fcfs": "先到先得",
     "lottery": "抽签"
   },
+  "filters": {
+    "allStatuses": "全部模式"
+  },
   "selectionStatus": {
     "selected": "已选",
     "enrolled": "已录取",
diff --git a/src/shared/lib/track-event.ts b/src/shared/lib/track-event.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51061a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/lib/track-event.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import "server-only"
+
+/**
+ * 监控埋点接口（预留）
+ *
+ * 在关键 Server Action 中调用 trackEvent 记录业务事件，用于：
+ * - 公告阅读率、消息回复率等关键指标统计
+ * - 通知发送失败告警
+ * - 用户行为漏斗分析
+ *
+ * 当前实现：输出到 console.info，不阻塞主流程。
+ * 后续扩展：可接入外部监控服务（如 Sentry / PostHog / 自建埋点系统），
+ * 只需在 trackEventToSink 中替换实现即可，调用方无需改动。
+ */
+
+/** 事件名称（使用点号分隔的命名空间，如 "announcement.published"） */
+export type EventName =
+  | "announcement.created"
+  | "announcement.updated"
+  | "announcement.published"
+  | "announcement.archived"
+  | "announcement.deleted"
+  | "message.sent"
+  | "message.deleted"
+  | "message.marked_read"
+  | "notification.marked_read"
+  | "notification.marked_all_read"
+  | "notification.sent"
+  | "notification.send_failed"
+  | "attendance.recorded"
+  | "attendance.batch_recorded"
+  | "attendance.updated"
+  | "attendance.deleted"
+  | "attendance.rules_saved"
+  | "elective.course_created"
+  | "elective.course_updated"
+  | "elective.course_deleted"
+  | "elective.selection_opened"
+  | "elective.selection_closed"
+  | "elective.course_selected"
+  | "elective.course_dropped"
+  | "elective.lottery_completed"
+
+/** 埋点事件负载 */
+export interface TrackEventPayload {
+  /** 事件名称 */
+  event: EventName
+  /** 当前用户 ID（可选，未登录场景为 undefined） */
+  userId?: string
+  /** 目标对象 ID（如公告 ID、消息 ID） */
+  targetId?: string
+  /** 目标对象类型（如 "announcement"、"message"） */
+  targetType?: string
+  /** 附加属性（如受众人数、渠道类型） */
+  properties?: Record<string, unknown>
+}
+
+/**
+ * 将事件发送到外部监控服务。
+ *
+ * 当前为占位实现：仅输出到 console.info。
+ * 接入真实服务时替换此函数体即可。
+ */
+function trackEventToSink(payload: TrackEventPayload): void {
+  console.info(
+    `[TrackEvent] ${payload.event} userId=${payload.userId ?? "-"} targetId=${payload.targetId ?? "-"}${payload.properties ? ` properties=${JSON.stringify(payload.properties)}` : ""}`
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * 记录一个监控事件。
+ *
+ * 非阻塞：任何异常都被吞掉，确保不影响主业务流程。
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * await trackEvent({
+ *   event: "announcement.published",
+ *   userId: ctx.userId,
+ *   targetId: id,
+ *   targetType: "announcement",
+ *   properties: { audienceSize: userIds.length },
+ * })
+ * ```
+ */
+export async function trackEvent(payload: TrackEventPayload): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    trackEventToSink(payload)
+  } catch {
+    // 埋点失败不影响主流程
+  }
+}