feat(settings,questions,school,textbooks): add brand config, question components, school dialogs, textbooks hooks

settings: - Add actions-brand, brand-config, data-access-brand for brand management - Add admin-file-upload-card, admin-notification-config-card, admin-school-info-card, admin-security-policy-card - Add ai-provider-delete-dialog, ai-provider-selector, brand-config-card - Add security-recent-logins-section, security-two-factor-section - Add config/profile-overview-config, data-access-profile-overview, lib/system-settings-utils questions: - Add batch-operations, import-export-buttons, knowledge-point-selector, options-editor - Add question-bank-results-client, question-cascade-filter, question-content-renderer, utils school: - Add grade-delete-dialog, grade-form-dialog, grade-list-toolbar, grade-overview-cards - Add use-grade-data hook textbooks: - Add textbook-form-fields component - Add use-kp-create, use-kp-delete, use-kp-update hooks
2026-07-03 10:26:00 +08:00
parent 138b6f1b00
commit f3c223d914
77 changed files with 5397 additions and 2864 deletions
--- a/src/modules/questions/actions.ts
+++ b/src/modules/questions/actions.ts
@@ -10,13 +10,23 @@ import { z } from "zod"
 import {
  createQuestionWithRelations,
  deleteQuestionByIdRecursive,
+  deleteQuestionsBatch,
+  exportQuestions,
+  getChapterOptions,
  getKnowledgePointOptions,
+  getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapter,
  getQuestions,
+  getTextbookOptions,
+  importQuestions,
  updateQuestionById,
  type GetQuestionsParams,
+  type QuestionExportItem,
+  type QuestionImportItem,
 } from "./data-access"
-import type { KnowledgePointOption } from "./types"
+import type { ChapterOption, KnowledgePointOption, TextbookOption } from "./types"
+import { QuestionTypeEnum } from "./schema"
 import { handleActionError, safeJsonParse } from "@/shared/lib/action-utils"
+import { trackQuestionCreated, trackQuestionUpdated, trackQuestionDeleted } from "./utils/track-event"

 /** Result type of getQuestions (data + meta) */
 type QuestionsListResult = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getQuestions>>
@@ -56,7 +66,10 @@ export async function createQuestionAction(

    const questionId = await createQuestionWithRelations(input, ctx.userId)

+    trackQuestionCreated(questionId, input.type, input.difficulty)
+
    revalidatePath("/teacher/questions")
+    revalidatePath("/admin/questions")

    return {
      success: true,
@@ -102,7 +115,10 @@ export async function updateQuestionAction(

    await updateQuestionById(id, updateData, canEditAll, ctx.userId)

+    trackQuestionUpdated(id, updateData.type, updateData.difficulty)
+
    revalidatePath("/teacher/questions")
+    revalidatePath("/admin/questions")

    return { success: true, message: "Question updated successfully", data: id }
  } catch (e) {
@@ -125,7 +141,10 @@ export async function deleteQuestionAction(

    await deleteQuestionByIdRecursive(questionId, canDeleteAll, ctx.userId)

+    trackQuestionDeleted(questionId)
+
    revalidatePath("/teacher/questions")
+    revalidatePath("/admin/questions")

    return { success: true, message: "Question deleted successfully", data: questionId }
  } catch (e) {
@@ -133,6 +152,53 @@ export async function deleteQuestionAction(
  }
 }

+const BatchDeleteSchema = z.object({
+  ids: z.array(z.string().min(1)).min(1, "At least one question ID is required"),
+})
+
+/**
+ * 批量删除题目。
+ *
+ * 输入 JSON：{ ids: string[] }
+ * 权限：QUESTION_DELETE，遵循数据范围过滤。
+ */
+export async function deleteQuestionsBatchAction(
+  prevState: ActionState<{ deleted: number }> | undefined,
+  formData: FormData,
+): Promise<ActionState<{ deleted: number }>> {
+  try {
+    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_DELETE)
+    const canDeleteAll = ctx.dataScope.type === "all"
+
+    const jsonString = formData.get("json")
+    if (typeof jsonString !== "string") {
+      return { success: false, message: "Invalid submission format. Expected JSON." }
+    }
+
+    const parsed = BatchDeleteSchema.safeParse(safeJsonParse<unknown>(jsonString, "批量删除参数无效"))
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        message: "Validation failed",
+        errors: parsed.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
+      }
+    }
+
+    const deletedCount = await deleteQuestionsBatch(parsed.data.ids, canDeleteAll, ctx.userId)
+
+    for (const id of parsed.data.ids) {
+      trackQuestionDeleted(id)
+    }
+
+    revalidatePath("/teacher/questions")
+    revalidatePath("/admin/questions")
+
+    return { success: true, message: "Batch delete completed", data: { deleted: deletedCount } }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
+
 export async function getQuestionsAction(
  params: GetQuestionsParams,
 ): Promise<ActionState<QuestionsListResult>> {
@@ -156,3 +222,158 @@ export async function getKnowledgePointOptionsAction(): Promise<
    return handleActionError(e)
  }
 }
+
+/** Result type of getTextbookOptions */
+type TextbookOptionsResult = TextbookOption[]
+
+/** Result type of getChapterOptions */
+type ChapterOptionsResult = ChapterOption[]
+
+/** Result type of getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapter */
+type KnowledgePointOptionsByChapterResult = { id: string; name: string }[]
+
+/**
+ * 获取教材选项列表（级联筛选第一级）。
+ */
+export async function getTextbookOptionsAction(): Promise<
+  ActionState<TextbookOptionsResult>
+> {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_READ)
+    const data = await getTextbookOptions()
+    return { success: true, data }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取指定教材下的章节选项列表（级联筛选第二级）。
+ */
+export async function getChapterOptionsAction(
+  textbookId: string,
+): Promise<ActionState<ChapterOptionsResult>> {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_READ)
+    const data = await getChapterOptions(textbookId)
+    return { success: true, data }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取指定章节下的知识点选项列表（级联筛选第三级）。
+ */
+export async function getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapterAction(
+  chapterId: string,
+): Promise<ActionState<KnowledgePointOptionsByChapterResult>> {
+  try {
+    await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_READ)
+    const data = await getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapter(chapterId)
+    return { success: true, data }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 导入/导出 Server Actions
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const ExportSchema = z.object({
+  ids: z.array(z.string().min(1)).optional(),
+})
+
+/**
+ * 导出题目为 JSON 格式。
+ *
+ * 输入 JSON：{ ids?: string[] }（不传 ids 则导出全部，受权限范围限制）
+ * 权限：QUESTION_READ，遵循数据范围过滤。
+ */
+export async function exportQuestionsAction(
+  formData: FormData,
+): Promise<ActionState<QuestionExportItem[]>> {
+  try {
+    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_READ)
+    const canExportAll = ctx.dataScope.type === "all"
+
+    const jsonString = formData.get("json")
+    const inputJson = typeof jsonString === "string" ? jsonString : "{}"
+    const parsed = ExportSchema.safeParse(safeJsonParse<unknown>(inputJson, "导出参数无效"))
+
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        message: "Validation failed",
+        errors: parsed.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
+      }
+    }
+
+    const data = await exportQuestions(parsed.data.ids, canExportAll, ctx.userId)
+    return { success: true, data }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
+
+const ImportItemSchema = z.object({
+  type: QuestionTypeEnum,
+  difficulty: z.number().min(1).max(5),
+  content: z.unknown(),
+  knowledgePointIds: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+})
+
+const ImportSchema = z.object({
+  items: z.array(ImportItemSchema).min(1, "至少需要一条题目"),
+})
+
+/**
+ * 批量导入题目。
+ *
+ * 输入 JSON：{ items: QuestionImportItem[] }
+ * 权限：QUESTION_CREATE。
+ */
+export async function importQuestionsAction(
+  prevState: ActionState<{ imported: number }> | undefined,
+  formData: FormData,
+): Promise<ActionState<{ imported: number }>> {
+  try {
+    const ctx = await requirePermission(Permissions.QUESTION_CREATE)
+
+    const jsonString = formData.get("json")
+    if (typeof jsonString !== "string") {
+      return { success: false, message: "Invalid submission format. Expected JSON." }
+    }
+
+    const parsed = ImportSchema.safeParse(safeJsonParse<unknown>(jsonString, "导入参数无效"))
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        message: "Validation failed",
+        errors: parsed.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
+      }
+    }
+
+    const items: QuestionImportItem[] = parsed.data.items.map((item) => ({
+      type: item.type,
+      difficulty: item.difficulty,
+      content: item.content,
+      knowledgePointIds: item.knowledgePointIds,
+    }))
+
+    const createdIds = await importQuestions(items, ctx.userId)
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < createdIds.length; i++) {
+      const item = items[i]
+      trackQuestionCreated(createdIds[i], item.type, item.difficulty)
+    }
+
+    revalidatePath("/teacher/questions")
+    revalidatePath("/admin/questions")
+
+    return { success: true, message: "Import completed", data: { imported: createdIds.length } }
+  } catch (e) {
+    return handleActionError(e)
+  }
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/batch-operations.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/batch-operations.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { Trash2, X } from "lucide-react"
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
+
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
+import {
+  AlertDialog,
+  AlertDialogAction,
+  AlertDialogCancel,
+  AlertDialogContent,
+  AlertDialogDescription,
+  AlertDialogFooter,
+  AlertDialogHeader,
+  AlertDialogTitle,
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/alert-dialog"
+import { deleteQuestionsBatchAction } from "../actions"
+import { usePermission } from "@/shared/hooks/use-permission"
+import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
+
+interface BatchOperationsProps {
+  /** 选中的题目 ID 列表 */
+  selectedIds: string[]
+  /** 清除选择回调 */
+  onClearSelection: () => void
+}
+
+/**
+ * 批量操作工具栏。
+ *
+ * 当表格有选中行时显示，提供批量删除等功能。
+ * 权限感知：无 QUESTION_DELETE 权限时不显示删除按钮。
+ */
+export function BatchOperations({ selectedIds, onClearSelection }: BatchOperationsProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+  const router = useRouter()
+  const { hasPermission } = usePermission()
+  const [showDeleteDialog, setShowDeleteDialog] = useState(false)
+  const [isDeleting, setIsDeleting] = useState(false)
+
+  const canDelete = hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_DELETE)
+
+  if (selectedIds.length === 0) return null
+
+  const handleBatchDelete = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    setIsDeleting(true)
+    try {
+      const fd = new FormData()
+      fd.set("json", JSON.stringify({ ids: selectedIds }))
+      const res = await deleteQuestionsBatchAction(undefined, fd)
+      if (res.success) {
+        const deleted = res.data?.deleted ?? 0
+        toast.success(t("batch.deleteSuccess", { count: deleted }))
+        setShowDeleteDialog(false)
+        onClearSelection()
+        router.refresh()
+      } else {
+        toast.error(res.message || t("batch.deleteFailed"))
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error("Failed to batch delete questions", e)
+      toast.error(t("batch.deleteFailed"))
+    } finally {
+      setIsDeleting(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md border bg-muted/50 px-3 py-2">
+        <span className="text-sm font-medium">
+          {t("batch.selected", { count: selectedIds.length })}
+        </span>
+        <div className="ml-auto flex items-center gap-2">
+          {canDelete && (
+            <Button
+              variant="destructive"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={() => setShowDeleteDialog(true)}
+              disabled={isDeleting}
+            >
+              <Trash2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+              {t("batch.delete")}
+            </Button>
+          )}
+          <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" onClick={onClearSelection}>
+            <X className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+            {t("batch.clear")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <AlertDialog open={showDeleteDialog} onOpenChange={setShowDeleteDialog}>
+        <AlertDialogContent>
+          <AlertDialogHeader>
+            <AlertDialogTitle>{t("batch.deleteConfirmTitle")}</AlertDialogTitle>
+            <AlertDialogDescription>
+              {t("batch.deleteConfirmDesc", { count: selectedIds.length })}
+            </AlertDialogDescription>
+          </AlertDialogHeader>
+          <AlertDialogFooter>
+            <AlertDialogCancel>{t("batch.cancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
+            <AlertDialogAction
+              onClick={(e) => {
+                e.preventDefault()
+                handleBatchDelete()
+              }}
+              className="bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground hover:bg-destructive/90"
+              disabled={isDeleting}
+            >
+              {isDeleting ? t("batch.deleting") : t("batch.deleteConfirmAction")}
+            </AlertDialogAction>
+          </AlertDialogFooter>
+        </AlertDialogContent>
+      </AlertDialog>
+    </>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/create-question-button.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/create-question-button.tsx
@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 "use client"

 import { useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { Plus } from "lucide-react"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
+import { usePermission } from "@/shared/hooks/use-permission"
+import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
 import { CreateQuestionDialog } from "./create-question-dialog"

-export function CreateQuestionButton() {
+export function CreateQuestionButton(): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+  const { hasPermission } = usePermission()
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false)

+  if (!hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_CREATE)) {
+    return null
+  }
+
  return (
    <>
      <Button onClick={() => setOpen(true)}>
        <Plus className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-        Add Question
+        {t("addQuestion")}
      </Button>
      <CreateQuestionDialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen} />
    </>
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/create-question-dialog.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/create-question-dialog.tsx
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 "use client"

 import { useState, useEffect } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { useForm, type SubmitHandler } from "react-hook-form"
 import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod"
 import { z } from "zod"
-import { Plus, Trash2, GripVertical } from "lucide-react"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"

 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
-import { Checkbox } from "@/shared/components/ui/checkbox"
 import {
  Dialog,
  DialogContent,
@@ -17,19 +16,20 @@ import {
  DialogHeader,
  DialogTitle,
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/dialog"
-import {
-  Form,
-  FormLabel,
-} from "@/shared/components/ui/form"
-import { Input } from "@/shared/components/ui/input"
-import { ScrollArea } from "@/shared/components/ui/scroll-area"
+import { Form } from "@/shared/components/ui/form"
 import { SelectField } from "@/shared/components/form-fields/select-field"
 import { TextareaField } from "@/shared/components/form-fields/textarea-field"
 import { BaseQuestionSchema } from "../schema"
-import { createQuestionAction, getKnowledgePointOptionsAction, updateQuestionAction } from "../actions"
+import { createQuestionAction, updateQuestionAction } from "../actions"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
-import { Question } from "../types"
-import { useActionQuery } from "@/shared/hooks/use-action-query"
+import type { Question } from "../types"
+import {
+  parseQuestionContent,
+  getQuestionOptions,
+  type QuestionOption,
+} from "../utils/parse-content"
+import { KnowledgePointSelector } from "./knowledge-point-selector"
+import { OptionsEditor, type QuestionOptionInput } from "./options-editor"

 const QuestionFormSchema = BaseQuestionSchema.extend({
  difficulty: z.number().min(1).max(5),
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const QuestionFormSchema = BaseQuestionSchema.extend({
      z.object({
        label: z.string(),
        value: z.string(),
-        isCorrect: z.boolean().default(false),
+        isCorrect: z.boolean(),
      })
    )
    .optional(),
@@ -56,86 +56,55 @@ interface CreateQuestionDialogProps {
  defaultType?: "single_choice" | "multiple_choice" | "text" | "judgment" | "composite"
 }

-function getInitialTextFromContent(content: unknown) {
-  if (typeof content === "string") return content
-  if (content && typeof content === "object") {
-    const text = (content as { text?: unknown }).text
-    if (typeof text === "string") return text
+/**
+ * 将 QuestionOption[] 转换为 QuestionOptionInput[]（表单格式）。
+ */
+function optionsToFormInput(options: QuestionOption[] | undefined): QuestionOptionInput[] {
+  if (!options || options.length === 0) {
+    return [
+      { label: "Option A", value: "A", isCorrect: true },
+      { label: "Option B", value: "B", isCorrect: false },
+    ]
  }
-  if (content == null) return ""
-  return JSON.stringify(content)
+  return options.map((opt) => ({
+    label: opt.text,
+    value: opt.id,
+    isCorrect: opt.isCorrect,
+  }))
 }

-function getInitialOptionsFromContent(content: unknown) {
-  if (!content || typeof content !== "object") return undefined
-  const rawOptions = (content as { options?: unknown }).options
-  if (!Array.isArray(rawOptions)) return undefined
-
-  const mapped = rawOptions
-    .map((opt) => {
-      if (!opt || typeof opt !== "object") return null
-      const id =
-        (opt as { id?: unknown; value?: unknown }).id ?? (opt as { value?: unknown }).value
-      const text =
-        (opt as { text?: unknown; label?: unknown }).text ??
-        (opt as { label?: unknown }).label
-      const isCorrect = (opt as { isCorrect?: unknown }).isCorrect
-      return {
-        value: typeof id === "string" ? id : "",
-        label: typeof text === "string" ? text : "",
-        isCorrect: typeof isCorrect === "boolean" ? isCorrect : false,
-      }
-    })
-    .filter((v): v is NonNullable<typeof v> => Boolean(v && v.value && v.label))
-
-  return mapped.length > 0 ? mapped : undefined
-}
-
-export function CreateQuestionDialog({ 
-  open, 
-  onOpenChange, 
+export function CreateQuestionDialog({
+  open,
+  onOpenChange,
  initialData,
  defaultKnowledgePointIds = [],
  defaultContent = "",
-  defaultType = "single_choice"
-}: CreateQuestionDialogProps) {
+  defaultType = "single_choice",
+}: CreateQuestionDialogProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
  const router = useRouter()
  const [isPending, setIsPending] = useState(false)
  const isEdit = !!initialData
-  const [knowledgePointQuery, setKnowledgePointQuery] = useState("")
  const [selectedKnowledgePointIds, setSelectedKnowledgePointIds] = useState<string[]>([])

-  const { data: knowledgePointOptionsData, loading: isLoadingKnowledgePoints } = useActionQuery(
-    () => getKnowledgePointOptionsAction(),
-    { deps: [open], enabled: open, errorMessage: "Failed to load knowledge points" }
-  )
-  const knowledgePointOptions = knowledgePointOptionsData ?? []
-
  const form = useForm<QuestionFormValues>({
    resolver: zodResolver(QuestionFormSchema),
    defaultValues: {
      type: initialData?.type || defaultType,
      difficulty: initialData?.difficulty || 1,
-      content: getInitialTextFromContent(initialData?.content) || defaultContent,
-      options:
-        getInitialOptionsFromContent(initialData?.content) ?? [
-          { label: "Option A", value: "A", isCorrect: true },
-          { label: "Option B", value: "B", isCorrect: false },
-        ],
+      content: parseQuestionContent(initialData?.content).text || defaultContent,
+      options: optionsToFormInput(getQuestionOptions(initialData?.content)),
    },
  })

  useEffect(() => {
    if (initialData) {
+      const parsed = parseQuestionContent(initialData.content)
      form.reset({
        type: initialData.type,
        difficulty: initialData.difficulty,
-        content: getInitialTextFromContent(initialData.content),
-        options:
-          getInitialOptionsFromContent(initialData.content) ?? [
-            { label: "Option A", value: "A", isCorrect: true },
-            { label: "Option B", value: "B", isCorrect: false },
-          ],
+        content: parsed.text,
+        options: optionsToFormInput(parsed.options),
      })
    } else {
      form.reset({
@@ -153,44 +122,16 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
  useEffect(() => {
    if (!open) return
    if (initialData) {
-      const nextIds = initialData.knowledgePoints.map((kp) => kp.id)
-      setSelectedKnowledgePointIds((prev) => {
-        if (prev.length === nextIds.length && prev.every((id, idx) => id === nextIds[idx])) {
-          return prev
-        }
-        return nextIds
-      })
+      setSelectedKnowledgePointIds(initialData.knowledgePoints.map((kp) => kp.id))
      return
    }
-    setSelectedKnowledgePointIds((prev) => {
-      if (
-        prev.length === defaultKnowledgePointIds.length &&
-        prev.every((id, idx) => id === defaultKnowledgePointIds[idx])
-      ) {
-        return prev
-      }
-      return defaultKnowledgePointIds
-    })
+    setSelectedKnowledgePointIds(defaultKnowledgePointIds)
  }, [open, initialData, defaultKnowledgePointIds])

  const questionType = form.watch("type")
-  const filteredKnowledgePoints = knowledgePointOptions.filter((kp) => {
-    const query = knowledgePointQuery.trim().toLowerCase()
-    if (!query) return true
-    const fullLabel = [
-      kp.textbookTitle,
-      kp.chapterTitle,
-      kp.name,
-      kp.subject,
-      kp.grade,
-    ]
-      .filter(Boolean)
-      .join(" ")
-      .toLowerCase()
-    return fullLabel.includes(query)
-  })
+  const formOptions = form.watch("options") ?? []

-  const buildContent = (data: QuestionFormValues) => {
+  const buildContent = (data: QuestionFormValues): unknown => {
    const text = data.content.trim()
    if (data.type === "single_choice" || data.type === "multiple_choice") {
      const rawOptions = (data.options ?? []).filter((o) => o.label.trim().length > 0)
@@ -223,7 +164,7 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
    setIsPending(true)
    try {
      if (isEdit && !initialData?.id) {
-        toast.error("Missing question id")
+        toast.error(t("error.missingId"))
        return
      }
      const payload = {
@@ -239,18 +180,18 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
        ? await updateQuestionAction(undefined, fd)
        : await createQuestionAction(undefined, fd)
      if (res.success) {
-        toast.success(isEdit ? "Updated question" : "Created question")
+        toast.success(isEdit ? t("error.updatedSuccess") : t("error.createdSuccess"))
        onOpenChange(false)
        router.refresh()
        if (!isEdit) {
          form.reset()
        }
      } else {
-        toast.error(res.message || "Operation failed")
+        toast.error(res.message || t("error.operationFailed"))
      }
    } catch (e) {
      console.error("Failed to submit question", e)
-      toast.error("Unexpected error")
+      toast.error(t("error.unexpected"))
    } finally {
      setIsPending(false)
    }
@@ -260,33 +201,33 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
      <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[600px] max-h-[90vh] overflow-y-auto">
        <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>{isEdit ? "Edit Question" : "Create New Question"}</DialogTitle>
+          <DialogTitle>{isEdit ? t("dialog.editTitle") : t("dialog.createTitle")}</DialogTitle>
          <DialogDescription>
-            {isEdit ? "Update question details." : "Add a new question to the bank. Fill in the details below."}
+            {isEdit ? t("dialog.editDesc") : t("dialog.createDesc")}
          </DialogDescription>
        </DialogHeader>
-        
+
        <Form {...form}>
          <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="space-y-6">
            <div className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-4">
              <SelectField
                control={form.control}
                name="type"
-                label="Question Type"
-                placeholder="Select type"
+                label={t("dialog.questionType")}
+                placeholder={t("dialog.selectType")}
                options={[
-                  { value: "single_choice", label: "Single Choice" },
-                  { value: "multiple_choice", label: "Multiple Choice" },
-                  { value: "judgment", label: "True/False" },
-                  { value: "text", label: "Short Answer" },
-                  { value: "composite", label: "Composite" },
+                  { value: "single_choice", label: t("type.single_choice") },
+                  { value: "multiple_choice", label: t("type.multiple_choice") },
+                  { value: "judgment", label: t("type.judgment") },
+                  { value: "text", label: t("type.text") },
+                  { value: "composite", label: t("type.composite") },
                ]}
              />
              <SelectField
                control={form.control}
                name="difficulty"
-                label="Difficulty (1-5)"
-                placeholder="Select difficulty"
+                label={t("dialog.difficulty")}
+                placeholder={t("dialog.selectDifficulty")}
                toSelectValue={(v) => String(v)}
                fromSelectValue={(val) => {
                  const n = parseInt(val, 10)
@@ -294,7 +235,7 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
                }}
                options={[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map((level) => ({
                  value: String(level),
-                  label: `${level} - ${level === 1 ? "Easy" : level === 5 ? "Hard" : "Medium"}`,
+                  label: `${level} - ${t(`difficulty.${level}`)}`,
                }))}
              />
            </div>
@@ -302,147 +243,33 @@ export function CreateQuestionDialog({
            <TextareaField
              control={form.control}
              name="content"
-              label="Question Content"
-              placeholder="Enter the question text here..."
-              description="Supports basic text. Rich text editor coming soon."
+              label={t("dialog.questionContent")}
+              placeholder={t("dialog.contentPlaceholder")}
+              description={t("dialog.contentDescription")}
              textareaClassName="min-h-[100px]"
            />

-            <div className="space-y-3">
-              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-                <FormLabel>Knowledge Points</FormLabel>
-                <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                  {selectedKnowledgePointIds.length > 0 ? `${selectedKnowledgePointIds.length} selected` : "Optional"}
-                </span>
-              </div>
-              <Input
-                placeholder="Search knowledge points..."
-                value={knowledgePointQuery}
-                onChange={(e) => setKnowledgePointQuery(e.target.value)}
-              />
-              <div className="rounded-md border">
-                <ScrollArea className="h-48">
-                  {isLoadingKnowledgePoints ? (
-                    <div className="p-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">Loading...</div>
-                  ) : filteredKnowledgePoints.length === 0 ? (
-                    <div className="p-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">No knowledge points found.</div>
-                  ) : (
-                    <div className="space-y-1 p-2">
-                      {filteredKnowledgePoints.map((kp) => {
-                        const labelParts = [
-                          kp.textbookTitle,
-                          kp.chapterTitle,
-                          kp.name,
-                        ].filter(Boolean)
-                        const label = labelParts.join(" · ")
-                        return (
-                          <label key={kp.id} className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md px-2 py-1 hover:bg-muted/50">
-                            <Checkbox
-                              checked={selectedKnowledgePointIds.includes(kp.id)}
-                              onCheckedChange={(checked) => {
-                                const isChecked = checked === true
-                                setSelectedKnowledgePointIds((prev) => {
-                                  if (isChecked) {
-                                    if (prev.includes(kp.id)) return prev
-                                    return [...prev, kp.id]
-                                  }
-                                  return prev.filter((id) => id !== kp.id)
-                                })
-                              }}
-                            />
-                            <span className="text-sm">{label}</span>
-                          </label>
-                        )
-                      })}
-                    </div>
-                  )}
-                </ScrollArea>
-              </div>
-            </div>
+            <KnowledgePointSelector
+              selectedIds={selectedKnowledgePointIds}
+              onChange={setSelectedKnowledgePointIds}
+            />

            {(questionType === "single_choice" || questionType === "multiple_choice") && (
-              <div className="space-y-4">
-                <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
-                  <FormLabel>Options</FormLabel>
-                  <Button
-                    type="button"
-                    variant="outline"
-                    size="sm"
-                    onClick={() => {
-                      const currentOptions = form.getValues("options") || []
-                      const nextIndex = currentOptions.length
-                      const nextChar = nextIndex < 26 ? String.fromCharCode(65 + nextIndex) : String(nextIndex + 1)
-                      form.setValue("options", [
-                        ...currentOptions,
-                        {
-                          label: `Option ${nextChar}`,
-                          value: nextChar,
-                          isCorrect: false,
-                        },
-                      ])
-                    }}
-                  >
-                    <Plus className="mr-2 h-3 w-3" /> Add Option
-                  </Button>
-                </div>
-                
-                <div className="space-y-2">
-                  {form.watch("options")?.map((option, index) => (
-                    <div key={option.value || `option-${index}`} className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                      <div className="flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground">
-                        <GripVertical className="h-4 w-4" />
-                      </div>
-                      <Checkbox
-                        checked={option.isCorrect}
-                        onCheckedChange={(checked) => {
-                          const next = [...(form.getValues("options") || [])]
-                          if (!next[index]) return
-
-                          const isChecked = checked === true
-                          if (questionType === "single_choice" && isChecked) {
-                            for (let i = 0; i < next.length; i++) next[i].isCorrect = i === index
-                          } else {
-                            next[index].isCorrect = isChecked
-                          }
-                          form.setValue("options", next)
-                        }}
-                        aria-label="Mark correct"
-                      />
-                      <Input
-                        value={option.label}
-                        onChange={(e) => {
-                          const next = [...(form.getValues("options") || [])]
-                          if (!next[index]) return
-                          next[index].label = e.target.value
-                          form.setValue("options", next)
-                        }}
-                        placeholder={`Option ${index + 1}`}
-                      />
-                      <Button
-                        type="button"
-                        variant="ghost"
-                        size="icon"
-                        className="text-destructive hover:text-destructive/90"
-                        onClick={() => {
-                          const next = [...(form.getValues("options") || [])]
-                          next.splice(index, 1)
-                          form.setValue("options", next)
-                        }}
-                      >
-                        <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
-                      </Button>
-                    </div>
-                  ))}
-                </div>
-              </div>
+              <OptionsEditor
+                options={formOptions}
+                onChange={(next) => form.setValue("options", next)}
+                singleChoice={questionType === "single_choice"}
+              />
            )}

            <DialogFooter>
              <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}>
-                Cancel
+                {t("dialog.cancel")}
              </Button>
              <Button type="submit" disabled={isPending}>
-                {isPending ? (isEdit ? "Updating..." : "Creating...") : (isEdit ? "Update Question" : "Create Question")}
+                {isPending
+                  ? (isEdit ? t("dialog.updating") : t("dialog.creating"))
+                  : (isEdit ? t("dialog.update") : t("dialog.create"))}
              </Button>
            </DialogFooter>
          </form>
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/import-export-buttons.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/import-export-buttons.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useState, useRef } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { Download, Upload, FileJson } from "lucide-react"
+import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
+
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
+import {
+  Dialog,
+  DialogContent,
+  DialogDescription,
+  DialogFooter,
+  DialogHeader,
+  DialogTitle,
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/dialog"
+import { usePermission } from "@/shared/hooks/use-permission"
+import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
+import { exportQuestionsAction, importQuestionsAction } from "../actions"
+import { toast } from "sonner"
+
+/**
+ * 题目导入/导出组件。
+ *
+ * 提供两个功能：
+ * - 导出：将当前题库导出为 JSON 文件下载
+ * - 导入：上传 JSON 文件批量导入题目
+ *
+ * 权限感知：
+ * - 导出需要 QUESTION_READ
+ * - 导入需要 QUESTION_CREATE
+ */
+export function ImportExportButtons(): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+  const router = useRouter()
+  const { hasPermission } = usePermission()
+  const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null)
+  const [showImportDialog, setShowImportDialog] = useState(false)
+  const [pendingImportData, setPendingImportData] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [isExporting, setIsExporting] = useState(false)
+  const [isImporting, setIsImporting] = useState(false)
+
+  const canRead = hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_READ)
+  const canCreate = hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_CREATE)
+
+  const handleExport = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    setIsExporting(true)
+    try {
+      const fd = new FormData()
+      fd.set("json", JSON.stringify({}))
+      const res = await exportQuestionsAction(fd)
+      if (res.success && res.data) {
+        const json = JSON.stringify(res.data, null, 2)
+        const blob = new Blob([json], { type: "application/json" })
+        const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
+        const a = document.createElement("a")
+        a.href = url
+        a.download = `questions-export-${new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)}.json`
+        document.body.appendChild(a)
+        a.click()
+        document.body.removeChild(a)
+        URL.revokeObjectURL(url)
+        toast.success(t("importExport.exportSuccess", { count: res.data.length }))
+      } else {
+        toast.error(res.message || t("importExport.exportFailed"))
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error("Failed to export questions", e)
+      toast.error(t("importExport.exportFailed"))
+    } finally {
+      setIsExporting(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleFileSelect = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>): void => {
+    const file = e.target.files?.[0]
+    if (!file) return
+
+    const reader = new FileReader()
+    reader.onload = (event) => {
+      const text = event.target?.result
+      if (typeof text === "string") {
+        setPendingImportData(text)
+        setShowImportDialog(true)
+      } else {
+        toast.error(t("importExport.invalidFile"))
+      }
+    }
+    reader.onerror = () => {
+      toast.error(t("importExport.readFailed"))
+    }
+    reader.readAsText(file)
+    // 重置 input 以便重复选择同一文件
+    e.target.value = ""
+  }
+
+  const handleImport = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    if (!pendingImportData) return
+    setIsImporting(true)
+    try {
+      const fd = new FormData()
+      fd.set("json", pendingImportData)
+      const res = await importQuestionsAction(undefined, fd)
+      if (res.success) {
+        const imported = res.data?.imported ?? 0
+        toast.success(t("importExport.importSuccess", { count: imported }))
+        setShowImportDialog(false)
+        setPendingImportData(null)
+        router.refresh()
+      } else {
+        toast.error(res.message || t("importExport.importFailed"))
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.error("Failed to import questions", e)
+      toast.error(t("importExport.importFailed"))
+    } finally {
+      setIsImporting(false)
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+        {canRead && (
+          <Button
+            variant="outline"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={handleExport}
+            disabled={isExporting}
+          >
+            <Download className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+            {isExporting ? t("importExport.exporting") : t("importExport.export")}
+          </Button>
+        )}
+        {canCreate && (
+          <>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={() => fileInputRef.current?.click()}
+              disabled={isImporting}
+            >
+              <Upload className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
+              {isImporting ? t("importExport.importing") : t("importExport.import")}
+            </Button>
+            <input
+              ref={fileInputRef}
+              type="file"
+              accept="application/json,.json"
+              onChange={handleFileSelect}
+              className="hidden"
+              aria-label={t("importExport.import")}
+            />
+          </>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <Dialog open={showImportDialog} onOpenChange={setShowImportDialog}>
+        <DialogContent>
+          <DialogHeader>
+            <DialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+              <FileJson className="h-5 w-5" />
+              {t("importExport.confirmTitle")}
+            </DialogTitle>
+            <DialogDescription>
+              {t("importExport.confirmDesc")}
+            </DialogDescription>
+          </DialogHeader>
+          <div className="max-h-[300px] overflow-y-auto rounded-md bg-muted p-3">
+            <pre className="text-xs">
+              {pendingImportData ? pendingImportData.slice(0, 2000) : ""}
+              {pendingImportData && pendingImportData.length > 2000 ? "\n..." : ""}
+            </pre>
+          </div>
+          <DialogFooter>
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              onClick={() => {
+                setShowImportDialog(false)
+                setPendingImportData(null)
+              }}
+            >
+              {t("importExport.cancel")}
+            </Button>
+            <Button onClick={handleImport} disabled={isImporting}>
+              {isImporting ? t("importExport.importing") : t("importExport.confirmImport")}
+            </Button>
+          </DialogFooter>
+        </DialogContent>
+      </Dialog>
+    </>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/knowledge-point-selector.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/knowledge-point-selector.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+
+import { Checkbox } from "@/shared/components/ui/checkbox"
+import { Input } from "@/shared/components/ui/input"
+import { ScrollArea } from "@/shared/components/ui/scroll-area"
+import { FormLabel } from "@/shared/components/ui/form"
+import { useActionQuery } from "@/shared/hooks/use-action-query"
+import { getKnowledgePointOptionsAction } from "../actions"
+import type { KnowledgePointOption } from "../types"
+
+interface KnowledgePointSelectorProps {
+  selectedIds: string[]
+  onChange: (ids: string[]) => void
+}
+
+/**
+ * 知识点选择器组件。
+ *
+ * 从 create-question-dialog.tsx 抽取，负责知识点搜索和多选。
+ * 使用 useActionQuery 加载知识点选项，支持模糊搜索。
+ */
+export function KnowledgePointSelector({ selectedIds, onChange }: KnowledgePointSelectorProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+  const [query, setQuery] = useState("")
+
+  const { data: knowledgePointOptions, loading: isLoading } = useActionQuery(
+    () => getKnowledgePointOptionsAction(),
+    { deps: [], errorMessage: false }
+  )
+
+  const options = knowledgePointOptions ?? []
+
+  const filteredOptions = options.filter((kp: KnowledgePointOption) => {
+    const q = query.trim().toLowerCase()
+    if (!q) return true
+    const fullLabel = [
+      kp.textbookTitle,
+      kp.chapterTitle,
+      kp.name,
+      kp.subject,
+      kp.grade,
+    ]
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .join(" ")
+      .toLowerCase()
+    return fullLabel.includes(q)
+  })
+
+  const toggle = (kpId: string, checked: boolean): void => {
+    if (checked) {
+      if (selectedIds.includes(kpId)) return
+      onChange([...selectedIds, kpId])
+    } else {
+      onChange(selectedIds.filter((id) => id !== kpId))
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-3">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+        <FormLabel>{t("dialog.knowledgePoints")}</FormLabel>
+        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+          {selectedIds.length > 0
+            ? t("dialog.knowledgePointsSelected", { count: selectedIds.length })
+            : t("dialog.knowledgePointsOptional")}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+      <Input
+        placeholder={t("dialog.searchKnowledgePoints")}
+        value={query}
+        onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
+      />
+      <div className="rounded-md border">
+        <ScrollArea className="h-48">
+          {isLoading ? (
+            <div className="p-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t("dialog.loading")}</div>
+          ) : filteredOptions.length === 0 ? (
+            <div className="p-3 text-sm text-muted-foreground">{t("dialog.noKnowledgePoints")}</div>
+          ) : (
+            <div className="space-y-1 p-2">
+              {filteredOptions.map((kp) => {
+                const labelParts = [
+                  kp.textbookTitle,
+                  kp.chapterTitle,
+                  kp.name,
+                ].filter(Boolean)
+                const label = labelParts.join(" · ")
+                return (
+                  <label key={kp.id} className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-md px-2 py-1 hover:bg-muted/50">
+                    <Checkbox
+                      checked={selectedIds.includes(kp.id)}
+                      onCheckedChange={(checked) => toggle(kp.id, checked === true)}
+                    />
+                    <span className="text-sm">{label}</span>
+                  </label>
+                )
+              })}
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </ScrollArea>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/options-editor.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/options-editor.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { Plus, Trash2, GripVertical } from "lucide-react"
+
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
+import { Checkbox } from "@/shared/components/ui/checkbox"
+import { Input } from "@/shared/components/ui/input"
+import { FormLabel } from "@/shared/components/ui/form"
+
+export interface QuestionOptionInput {
+  label: string
+  value: string
+  isCorrect: boolean
+}
+
+interface OptionsEditorProps {
+  options: QuestionOptionInput[]
+  onChange: (options: QuestionOptionInput[]) => void
+  /** 单选模式：选中一个选项时自动取消其他 */
+  singleChoice: boolean
+}
+
+/**
+ * 选项编辑器组件。
+ *
+ * 从 create-question-dialog.tsx 抽取，负责选择题选项的增删改。
+ * 支持单选（single_choice）和多选（multiple_choice）模式。
+ */
+export function OptionsEditor({ options, onChange, singleChoice }: OptionsEditorProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+
+  const addOption = (): void => {
+    const nextIndex = options.length
+    const nextChar = nextIndex < 26 ? String.fromCharCode(65 + nextIndex) : String(nextIndex + 1)
+    onChange([
+      ...options,
+      { label: `Option ${nextChar}`, value: nextChar, isCorrect: false },
+    ])
+  }
+
+  const toggleCorrect = (index: number, checked: boolean): void => {
+    const next = [...options]
+    if (!next[index]) return
+
+    if (singleChoice && checked) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < next.length; i++) next[i].isCorrect = i === index
+    } else {
+      next[index].isCorrect = checked
+    }
+    onChange(next)
+  }
+
+  const updateLabel = (index: number, label: string): void => {
+    const next = [...options]
+    if (!next[index]) return
+    next[index].label = label
+    onChange(next)
+  }
+
+  const removeOption = (index: number): void => {
+    const next = [...options]
+    next.splice(index, 1)
+    onChange(next)
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-4">
+      <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+        <FormLabel>{t("dialog.options")}</FormLabel>
+        <Button type="button" variant="outline" size="sm" onClick={addOption}>
+          <Plus className="mr-2 h-3 w-3" /> {t("dialog.addOption")}
+        </Button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="space-y-2">
+        {options.map((option, index) => (
+          <div key={option.value || `option-${index}`} className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <div className="flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center text-muted-foreground">
+              <GripVertical className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </div>
+            <Checkbox
+              checked={option.isCorrect}
+              onCheckedChange={(checked) => toggleCorrect(index, checked === true)}
+              aria-label={t("dialog.markCorrect")}
+            />
+            <Input
+              value={option.label}
+              onChange={(e) => updateLabel(index, e.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t("dialog.optionPlaceholder", { index: index + 1 })}
+            />
+            <Button
+              type="button"
+              variant="ghost"
+              size="icon"
+              className="text-destructive hover:text-destructive/90"
+              onClick={() => removeOption(index)}
+            >
+              <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-actions.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-actions.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "use client"

 import { useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { MoreHorizontal, Pencil, Trash, Eye, Copy } from "lucide-react"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"

@@ -31,146 +32,161 @@ import {
  DialogTitle,
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/dialog"

-import { Question } from "../types"
+import type { Question } from "../types"
 import { deleteQuestionAction } from "../actions"
 import { CreateQuestionDialog } from "./create-question-dialog"
+import { QuestionContentRenderer } from "./question-content-renderer"
+import { usePermission } from "@/shared/hooks/use-permission"
+import { Permissions } from "@/shared/types/permissions"
 import { toast } from "sonner"

 interface QuestionActionsProps {
  question: Question
 }

-export function QuestionActions({ question }: QuestionActionsProps) {
+export function QuestionActions({ question }: QuestionActionsProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
  const router = useRouter()
+  const { hasPermission } = usePermission()
  const [showEditDialog, setShowEditDialog] = useState(false)
  const [showDeleteDialog, setShowDeleteDialog] = useState(false)
  const [showViewDialog, setShowViewDialog] = useState(false)
  const [isDeleting, setIsDeleting] = useState(false)

-  const copyId = () => {
+  const canEdit = hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_UPDATE)
+  const canDelete = hasPermission(Permissions.QUESTION_DELETE)
+
+  const copyId = (): void => {
    try {
      navigator.clipboard.writeText(question.id)
-      toast.success("Question ID copied to clipboard")
+      toast.success(t("actions.copyIdSuccess"))
    } catch (e) {
      console.error("Failed to copy question ID to clipboard", e)
-      toast.error("Failed to copy question ID")
+      toast.error(t("actions.copyIdFailed"))
    }
  }

-  const handleDelete = async () => {
+  const handleDelete = async (): Promise<void> => {
    setIsDeleting(true)
    try {
      const fd = new FormData()
      fd.set("questionId", question.id)
      const res = await deleteQuestionAction(undefined, fd)
      if (res.success) {
-        toast.success("Question deleted successfully")
+        toast.success(t("actions.deleteSuccess"))
        setShowDeleteDialog(false)
        router.refresh()
      } else {
-        toast.error(res.message || "Failed to delete question")
+        toast.error(res.message || t("actions.deleteFailed"))
      }
    } catch (e) {
      console.error("Failed to delete question", e)
-      toast.error("Failed to delete question")
+      toast.error(t("actions.deleteFailed"))
    } finally {
      setIsDeleting(false)
    }
  }

+  const typeLabel = t(question.type)
+
  return (
    <>
      <DropdownMenu>
        <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
-          <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0" aria-label="Open menu">
-            <span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
+          <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0" aria-label={t("actions.menuLabel")}>
+            <span className="sr-only">{t("actions.menuLabel")}</span>
            <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
          </Button>
        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
        <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
-          <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
+          <DropdownMenuLabel>{t("actions.actions")}</DropdownMenuLabel>
          <DropdownMenuItem onClick={copyId}>
-            <Copy className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> Copy ID
+            <Copy className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t("actions.copyId")}
          </DropdownMenuItem>
          <DropdownMenuSeparator />
          <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => setShowViewDialog(true)}>
-            <Eye className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> View Details
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => setShowEditDialog(true)}>
-            <Pencil className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> Edit
-          </DropdownMenuItem>
-          <DropdownMenuItem 
-            className="text-destructive focus:text-destructive"
-            onClick={() => setShowDeleteDialog(true)}
-          >
-            <Trash className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> Delete
+            <Eye className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t("actions.viewDetails")}
          </DropdownMenuItem>
+          {canEdit && (
+            <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => setShowEditDialog(true)}>
+              <Pencil className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t("actions.edit")}
+            </DropdownMenuItem>
+          )}
+          {canDelete && (
+            <DropdownMenuItem
+              className="text-destructive focus:text-destructive"
+              onClick={() => setShowDeleteDialog(true)}
+            >
+              <Trash className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" /> {t("actions.delete")}
+            </DropdownMenuItem>
+          )}
        </DropdownMenuContent>
      </DropdownMenu>

-      <CreateQuestionDialog 
-        open={showEditDialog} 
-        onOpenChange={setShowEditDialog} 
-        initialData={question}
-      />
+      {canEdit && (
+        <CreateQuestionDialog
+          open={showEditDialog}
+          onOpenChange={setShowEditDialog}
+          initialData={question}
+        />
+      )}

-      <AlertDialog open={showDeleteDialog} onOpenChange={setShowDeleteDialog}>
-        <AlertDialogContent>
-          <AlertDialogHeader>
-            <AlertDialogTitle>Are you absolutely sure?</AlertDialogTitle>
-            <AlertDialogDescription>
-              This action cannot be undone. This will permanently delete the question
-              and remove it from our servers.
-            </AlertDialogDescription>
-          </AlertDialogHeader>
-          <AlertDialogFooter>
-            <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
-            <AlertDialogAction 
-              onClick={(e) => {
-                e.preventDefault()
-                handleDelete()
-              }}
-              className="bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground hover:bg-destructive/90"
-              disabled={isDeleting}
-            >
-              {isDeleting ? "Deleting..." : "Delete"}
-            </AlertDialogAction>
-          </AlertDialogFooter>
-        </AlertDialogContent>
-      </AlertDialog>
+      {canDelete && (
+        <AlertDialog open={showDeleteDialog} onOpenChange={setShowDeleteDialog}>
+          <AlertDialogContent>
+            <AlertDialogHeader>
+              <AlertDialogTitle>{t("actions.deleteConfirmTitle")}</AlertDialogTitle>
+              <AlertDialogDescription>
+                {t("actions.deleteConfirmDesc")}
+              </AlertDialogDescription>
+            </AlertDialogHeader>
+            <AlertDialogFooter>
+              <AlertDialogCancel>{t("actions.deleteConfirmCancel")}</AlertDialogCancel>
+              <AlertDialogAction
+                onClick={(e) => {
+                  e.preventDefault()
+                  handleDelete()
+                }}
+                className="bg-destructive text-destructive-foreground hover:bg-destructive/90"
+                disabled={isDeleting}
+              >
+                {isDeleting ? t("actions.deleting") : t("actions.deleteConfirmAction")}
+              </AlertDialogAction>
+            </AlertDialogFooter>
+          </AlertDialogContent>
+        </AlertDialog>
+      )}

      <Dialog open={showViewDialog} onOpenChange={setShowViewDialog}>
-        <DialogContent>
+        <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[600px] max-h-[90vh] overflow-y-auto">
            <DialogHeader>
-                <DialogTitle>Question Details</DialogTitle>
-                <DialogDescription>ID: {question.id}</DialogDescription>
+                <DialogTitle>{t("actions.detailsTitle")}</DialogTitle>
+                <DialogDescription>{t("actions.detailsId", { id: question.id })}</DialogDescription>
            </DialogHeader>
            <div className="grid gap-4 py-4">
                <div className="grid grid-cols-4 items-center gap-4">
-                    <span className="font-medium">Type:</span>
-                    <span className="col-span-3 capitalize">{question.type.replaceAll("_", " ")}</span>
+                    <span className="font-medium">{t("actions.detailsType")}</span>
+                    <span className="col-span-3">{typeLabel}</span>
                </div>
                <div className="grid grid-cols-4 items-center gap-4">
-                    <span className="font-medium">Difficulty:</span>
+                    <span className="font-medium">{t("actions.detailsDifficulty")}</span>
                    <span className="col-span-3">{question.difficulty}</span>
                </div>
                <div className="grid grid-cols-4 items-start gap-4">
-                    <span className="font-medium pt-1">Content:</span>
-                    <div className="col-span-3 rounded-md bg-muted p-2 text-sm">
-                        {typeof question.content === "string"
-                          ? question.content
-                          : JSON.stringify(question.content, null, 2)}
+                    <span className="font-medium pt-1">{t("actions.detailsContent")}</span>
+                    <div className="col-span-3 rounded-md bg-muted p-3">
+                        <QuestionContentRenderer question={question} showAnswer />
                    </div>
                </div>
                 {question.author && (
                     <div className="grid grid-cols-4 items-center gap-4">
-                        <span className="font-medium">Author:</span>
-                        <span className="col-span-3">{question.author.name || "Unknown"}</span>
+                        <span className="font-medium">{t("actions.detailsAuthor")}</span>
+                        <span className="col-span-3">{question.author.name || t("actions.detailsUnknown")}</span>
                    </div>
                 )}
                 {question.knowledgePoints && question.knowledgePoints.length > 0 && (
                     <div className="grid grid-cols-4 items-center gap-4">
-                        <span className="font-medium">Tags:</span>
+                        <span className="font-medium">{t("actions.detailsTags")}</span>
                        <div className="col-span-3 flex flex-wrap gap-1">
                            {question.knowledgePoints.map(kp => (
                                <span key={kp.id} className="rounded-full bg-secondary px-2 py-0.5 text-xs text-secondary-foreground">
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-bank-results-client.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-bank-results-client.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { QuestionDataTable } from "./question-data-table"
+import { useQuestionColumns } from "./question-columns"
+import type { Question } from "../types"
+
+interface QuestionBankResultsClientProps {
+  questions: Question[]
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题库表格客户端组件。
+ *
+ * 桥接 Server Component 数据与客户端 Hook（useQuestionColumns）。
+ * useQuestionColumns 内部使用 useTranslations，必须在客户端组件中调用。
+ */
+export function QuestionBankResultsClient({ questions }: QuestionBankResultsClientProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const columns = useQuestionColumns()
+  return <QuestionDataTable columns={columns} data={questions} getRowId={(q) => q.id} />
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-cascade-filter.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-cascade-filter.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useMemo } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from "nuqs"
+
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/select"
+import { useActionQuery } from "@/shared/hooks/use-action-query"
+import {
+  getTextbookOptionsAction,
+  getChapterOptionsAction,
+  getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapterAction,
+} from "../actions"
+import type { ChapterOption } from "../types"
+
+/**
+ * 题库级联筛选组件：教材 → 章节 → 知识点。
+ *
+ * 三级级联，选择教材后加载章节，选择章节后加载知识点。
+ * 清除上级时自动清除下级。URL 状态通过 nuqs 管理。
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <QuestionCascadeFilter />
+ */
+export function QuestionCascadeFilter(): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+
+  const [textbookId, setTextbookId] = useQueryState("tb", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
+  const [chapterId, setChapterId] = useQueryState("ch", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
+  const [knowledgePointId, setKnowledgePointId] = useQueryState("kp", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
+
+  // 第一级：教材列表
+  const { data: textbooks, loading: textbooksLoading } = useActionQuery(
+    () => getTextbookOptionsAction(),
+    { deps: [], errorMessage: false }
+  )
+
+  // 第二级：章节列表（仅当教材已选时加载）
+  const { data: chapters, loading: chaptersLoading } = useActionQuery(
+    () => getChapterOptionsAction(textbookId),
+    { deps: [textbookId], enabled: textbookId !== "all", errorMessage: false }
+  )
+
+  // 第三级：知识点列表（仅当章节已选时加载）
+  const { data: knowledgePoints, loading: kpsLoading } = useActionQuery(
+    () => getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapterAction(chapterId),
+    { deps: [chapterId], enabled: chapterId !== "all", errorMessage: false }
+  )
+
+  // 清除教材时，自动清除章节和知识点
+  const handleTextbookChange = (value: string): void => {
+    if (value === "all") {
+      setTextbookId(null)
+      setChapterId(null)
+      setKnowledgePointId(null)
+    } else {
+      setTextbookId(value)
+      setChapterId(null)
+      setKnowledgePointId(null)
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 清除章节时，自动清除知识点
+  const handleChapterChange = (value: string): void => {
+    if (value === "all") {
+      setChapterId(null)
+      setKnowledgePointId(null)
+    } else {
+      setChapterId(value)
+      setKnowledgePointId(null)
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleKnowledgePointChange = (value: string): void => {
+    setKnowledgePointId(value === "all" ? null : value)
+  }
+
+  // 章节选项带缩进
+  const chapterItems = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!chapters) return []
+    return chapters.map((ch: ChapterOption) => ({
+      id: ch.id,
+      title: ch.title,
+      indent: ch.depth,
+    }))
+  }, [chapters])
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
+      <Select value={textbookId} onValueChange={handleTextbookChange}>
+        <SelectTrigger className="w-[180px]" aria-label={t("filters.textbook")}>
+          <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.textbook")} />
+        </SelectTrigger>
+        <SelectContent>
+          <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.textbookAll")}</SelectItem>
+          {textbooks?.map((tb) => (
+            <SelectItem key={tb.id} value={tb.id}>
+              {tb.title}
+              {tb.grade ? ` (${tb.grade})` : ""}
+            </SelectItem>
+          ))}
+        </SelectContent>
+      </Select>
+
+      <Select
+        value={chapterId}
+        onValueChange={handleChapterChange}
+        disabled={textbookId === "all"}
+      >
+        <SelectTrigger className="w-[180px]" aria-label={t("filters.chapter")}>
+          <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.chapter")} />
+        </SelectTrigger>
+        <SelectContent>
+          <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.chapterAll")}</SelectItem>
+          {chapterItems.map((ch) => (
+            <SelectItem key={ch.id} value={ch.id}>
+              {"　".repeat(ch.indent)}{ch.title}
+            </SelectItem>
+          ))}
+        </SelectContent>
+      </Select>
+
+      <Select
+        value={knowledgePointId}
+        onValueChange={handleKnowledgePointChange}
+        disabled={chapterId === "all"}
+      >
+        <SelectTrigger className="w-[200px]" aria-label={t("filters.knowledgePoint")}>
+          <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.knowledgePoint")} />
+        </SelectTrigger>
+        <SelectContent>
+          <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.knowledgePointAll")}</SelectItem>
+          {knowledgePoints?.map((kp) => (
+            <SelectItem key={kp.id} value={kp.id}>
+              {kp.name}
+            </SelectItem>
+          ))}
+        </SelectContent>
+      </Select>
+
+      {(textbooksLoading || chaptersLoading || kpsLoading) && (
+        <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground animate-pulse" aria-live="polite">
+          {t("dialog.loading")}
+        </span>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-columns.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-columns.tsx
@@ -1,142 +1,133 @@
 "use client"

+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
+import { useMemo } from "react"

 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import { Checkbox } from "@/shared/components/ui/checkbox"
 import { StatusBadge } from "@/shared/components/ui/status-badge"
 import { formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
-import { Question } from "../types"
-import { QUESTION_TYPE_VARIANT, QUESTION_TYPE_LABEL } from "../types"
+import type { Question } from "../types"
+import { QUESTION_TYPE_VARIANT } from "../types"
+import { getQuestionPreview } from "../utils/parse-content"
 import { QuestionActions } from "./question-actions"

-export const columns: ColumnDef<Question>[] = [
-  {
-    id: "select",
-    header: ({ table }) => (
-      <Checkbox
-        checked={table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected()}
-        onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
-        aria-label="Select all"
-      />
-    ),
-    cell: ({ row }) => (
-      <Checkbox
-        checked={row.getIsSelected()}
-        onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
-        aria-label="Select row"
-      />
-    ),
-    enableSorting: false,
-    enableHiding: false,
-  },
-  {
-    accessorKey: "type",
-    header: "Type",
-    cell: ({ row }) => {
-      const type = row.original.type
-      return (
-        <StatusBadge
-          status={type}
-          variantMap={QUESTION_TYPE_VARIANT}
-          labelMap={QUESTION_TYPE_LABEL}
-          className="whitespace-nowrap"
-          capitalize={false}
+/**
+ * 题目表格列定义。
+ *
+ * 使用函数形式以获取 i18n 翻译函数。
+ * 调用方通过 `useQuestionColumns()` 获取列定义。
+ */
+export function useQuestionColumns(): ColumnDef<Question>[] {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+
+  return useMemo(() => [
+    {
+      id: "select",
+      header: ({ table }) => (
+        <Checkbox
+          checked={table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected()}
+          onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
+          aria-label={t("actions.menuLabel")}
        />
-      )
+      ),
+      cell: ({ row }) => (
+        <Checkbox
+          checked={row.getIsSelected()}
+          onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
+          aria-label={t("actions.menuLabel")}
+        />
+      ),
+      enableSorting: false,
+      enableHiding: false,
    },
-  },
-  {
-    accessorKey: "content",
-    header: "Content",
-    cell: ({ row }) => {
-      const content = row.original.content
-      let preview = ""
-      if (typeof content === "string") {
-        preview = content
-      } else if (content && typeof content === "object") {
-        const text = (content as { text?: unknown }).text
-        if (typeof text === "string") {
-          preview = text
-        } else {
-          preview = JSON.stringify(content)
-        }
-      }
-      preview = preview.slice(0, 80)
-
-      return (
-        <div className="max-w-[400px] truncate font-medium" title={preview}>
-          {preview}
-        </div>
-      )
+    {
+      accessorKey: "type",
+      header: t("table.type"),
+      cell: ({ row }) => {
+        const type = row.original.type
+        return (
+          <StatusBadge
+            status={type}
+            variantMap={QUESTION_TYPE_VARIANT}
+            labelMap={{ [type]: t(type) }}
+            className="whitespace-nowrap"
+            capitalize={false}
+          />
+        )
+      },
    },
-  },
-  {
-    accessorKey: "difficulty",
-    header: "Difficulty",
-    cell: ({ row }) => {
-      const diff = row.original.difficulty
-      const label =
-        diff === 1
-          ? "Easy"
-          : diff === 2
-            ? "Easy-Med"
-            : diff === 3
-              ? "Medium"
-              : diff === 4
-                ? "Med-Hard"
-                : "Hard"
-      return (
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-          <Badge variant="outline" className="tabular-nums">
-            {label}
-          </Badge>
-          <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground tabular-nums">({diff})</span>
-        </div>
-      )
+    {
+      accessorKey: "content",
+      header: t("table.content"),
+      cell: ({ row }) => {
+        const preview = getQuestionPreview(row.original.content, 80)
+        return (
+          <div className="max-w-[400px] truncate font-medium" title={preview}>
+            {preview}
+          </div>
+        )
+      },
    },
-  },
-  {
-    accessorKey: "knowledgePoints",
-    header: "Knowledge Points",
-    cell: ({ row }) => {
-      const kps = row.original.knowledgePoints
-      if (!kps || kps.length === 0) return <span className="text-muted-foreground">-</span>
-
-      return (
-        <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
-          {kps.slice(0, 2).map((kp) => (
-            <Badge key={kp.id} variant="outline" className="text-xs">
-              {kp.name}
+    {
+      accessorKey: "difficulty",
+      header: t("table.difficulty"),
+      cell: ({ row }) => {
+        const diff = row.original.difficulty
+        const label = t(`difficulty.${diff}`)
+        return (
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <Badge variant="outline" className="tabular-nums">
+              {label}
            </Badge>
-          ))}
-          {kps.length > 2 && (
-            <Badge variant="outline" className="text-xs">
-              +{kps.length - 2}
-            </Badge>
-          )}
-        </div>
-      )
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground tabular-nums">({diff})</span>
+          </div>
+        )
+      },
    },
-  },
-  {
-    accessorKey: "createdAt",
-    header: "Created",
-    cell: ({ row }) => {
-      const createdAt = row.original.createdAt
-      return (
-        <span className="text-muted-foreground text-xs whitespace-nowrap">
-          {createdAt instanceof Date
-            ? formatDate(createdAt)
-            : typeof createdAt === "string"
+    {
+      accessorKey: "knowledgePoints",
+      header: t("table.knowledgePoints"),
+      cell: ({ row }) => {
+        const kps = row.original.knowledgePoints
+        if (!kps || kps.length === 0) return <span className="text-muted-foreground">-</span>
+
+        return (
+          <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
+            {kps.slice(0, 2).map((kp) => (
+              <Badge key={kp.id} variant="outline" className="text-xs">
+                {kp.name}
+              </Badge>
+            ))}
+            {kps.length > 2 && (
+              <Badge variant="outline" className="text-xs">
+                +{kps.length - 2}
+              </Badge>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        )
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      accessorKey: "createdAt",
+      header: t("table.created"),
+      cell: ({ row }) => {
+        const createdAt = row.original.createdAt
+        return (
+          <span className="text-muted-foreground text-xs whitespace-nowrap">
+            {createdAt instanceof Date
              ? formatDate(createdAt)
-              : "—"}
-        </span>
-      )
+              : typeof createdAt === "string"
+                ? formatDate(createdAt)
+                : "—"}
+          </span>
+        )
+      },
    },
-  },
-  {
-    id: "actions",
-    cell: ({ row }) => <QuestionActions question={row.original} />,
-  },
-]
+    {
+      id: "actions",
+      cell: ({ row }) => <QuestionActions question={row.original} />,
+    },
+  ], [t])
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-content-renderer.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-content-renderer.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"use client"
+
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { CheckCircle2 } from "lucide-react"
+
+import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import type { Question } from "../types"
+import { parseQuestionContent } from "../utils/parse-content"
+
+interface QuestionContentRendererProps {
+  question: Question
+  /** 是否显示答案（学生端练习前不显示） */
+  showAnswer?: boolean
+  /** 自定义类名 */
+  className?: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * 题目内容结构化渲染组件。
+ *
+ * 根据 Question.content（unknown）解析后渲染：
+ * - 题干文本
+ * - 选项列表（选择题）：单选显示圆点，多选显示方框
+ * - 正确答案高亮（showAnswer=true 时）
+ * - 答案与解析（showAnswer=true 时）
+ *
+ * 使用 parseQuestionContent 类型守卫，不使用 `as` 断言。
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <QuestionContentRenderer question={question} showAnswer />
+ */
+export function QuestionContentRenderer({
+  question,
+  showAnswer = false,
+  className,
+}: QuestionContentRendererProps): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
+  const content = parseQuestionContent(question.content)
+  const isChoice = question.type === "single_choice" || question.type === "multiple_choice"
+  const isMultiple = question.type === "multiple_choice"
+
+  return (
+    <div className={cn("space-y-3", className)}>
+      {/* 题干 */}
+      {content.text ? (
+        <p className="whitespace-pre-wrap text-sm leading-relaxed">{content.text}</p>
+      ) : (
+        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground italic">{t("empty.withoutFiltersDesc")}</p>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 选项列表 */}
+      {isChoice && content.options && content.options.length > 0 && (
+        <ul className="space-y-2">
+          {content.options.map((option, idx) => {
+            const label = String.fromCharCode(65 + idx)
+            const isCorrect = option.isCorrect
+            return (
+              <li
+                key={option.id || `option-${idx}`}
+                className={cn(
+                  "flex items-start gap-2 rounded-md border p-2 text-sm",
+                  showAnswer && isCorrect && "border-green-500/50 bg-green-500/5"
+                )}
+              >
+                {isMultiple ? (
+                  <span
+                    className={cn(
+                      "mt-0.5 flex h-4 w-4 flex-shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded border",
+                      isCorrect ? "border-green-500 bg-green-500 text-white" : "border-muted-foreground/30"
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {isCorrect && <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />}
+                  </span>
+                ) : (
+                  <span
+                    className={cn(
+                      "mt-0.5 flex h-4 w-4 flex-shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-full border",
+                      isCorrect ? "border-green-500 bg-green-500 text-white" : "border-muted-foreground/30"
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {isCorrect && <CheckCircle2 className="h-3 w-3" />}
+                  </span>
+                )}
+                <span className="font-medium">{label}.</span>
+                <span className="flex-1">{option.text}</span>
+              </li>
+            )
+          })}
+        </ul>
+      )}
+
+      {/* 答案与解析 */}
+      {showAnswer && (
+        <div className="space-y-2 border-t pt-2">
+          {content.answer && (
+            <div className="flex items-start gap-2">
+              <Badge variant="outline" className="bg-green-500/10 text-green-700 dark:text-green-400">
+                {t("actions.detailsContent")}
+              </Badge>
+              <span className="text-sm">{content.answer}</span>
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {content.explanation && (
+            <div className="flex items-start gap-2">
+              <Badge variant="outline" className="bg-blue-500/10 text-blue-700 dark:text-blue-400">
+                {t("dialog.contentDescription")}
+              </Badge>
+              <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{content.explanation}</span>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-data-table.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-data-table.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "use client"

 import * as React from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
@@ -23,16 +24,21 @@ import {
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/table"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { ChevronLeft, ChevronRight } from "lucide-react"
+import { BatchOperations } from "./batch-operations"

 interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
+  /** 获取行 ID 的函数（用于批量操作） */
+  getRowId?: (row: TData) => string
 }

 export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
-}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
+  getRowId,
+}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState<RowSelectionState>({})

@@ -45,14 +51,27 @@ export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
+    getRowId: getRowId ? (row) => getRowId(row) : undefined,
    state: {
      sorting,
      rowSelection,
    },
  })

+  const selectedIds = React.useMemo(() => {
+    if (!getRowId) return []
+    return table.getSelectedRowModel().rows.map((row) => getRowId(row.original))
+  }, [table, getRowId])
+
+  const clearSelection = React.useCallback(() => {
+    setRowSelection({})
+  }, [])
+
  return (
    <div className="space-y-4">
+      {selectedIds.length > 0 && (
+        <BatchOperations selectedIds={selectedIds} onClearSelection={clearSelection} />
+      )}
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>
          <TableHeader>
@@ -96,7 +115,7 @@ export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
                  colSpan={columns.length}
                  className="h-24 text-center"
                >
-                  No results.
+                  {t("table.noResults")}
                </TableCell>
              </TableRow>
            )}
@@ -105,8 +124,10 @@ export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
      </div>
      <div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
        <div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-          {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
-          {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
+          {t("table.selected", {
+            count: table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length,
+            total: table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length,
+          })}
        </div>
        <div className="space-x-2">
          <Button
@@ -116,7 +137,7 @@ export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
            disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
          >
            <ChevronLeft className="h-4 w-4" />
-            Previous
+            {t("table.previous")}
          </Button>
          <Button
            variant="outline"
@@ -124,7 +145,7 @@ export function QuestionDataTable<TData, TValue>({
            onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
            disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
          >
-            Next
+            {t("table.next")}
            <ChevronRight className="h-4 w-4" />
          </Button>
        </div>
--- a/src/modules/questions/components/question-filters.tsx
+++ b/src/modules/questions/components/question-filters.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 "use client"

-import { useEffect, useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from "nuqs"

 import {
@@ -11,28 +11,27 @@ import {
  SelectValue,
 } from "@/shared/components/ui/select"
 import { FilterBar, FilterSearchInput } from "@/shared/components/ui/filter-bar"
-import { getKnowledgePointOptionsAction } from "../actions"
-import type { KnowledgePointOption } from "../types"
+import { QuestionCascadeFilter } from "./question-cascade-filter"
+
+/**
+ * 题库筛选栏。
+ *
+ * 组合了：
+ * - 搜索框（nuqs URL 状态）
+ * - 题型/难度下拉（nuqs URL 状态）
+ * - 教材→章节→知识点级联筛选（QuestionCascadeFilter）
+ *
+ * 替代了原有的扁平知识点下拉，符合 K12 教学场景的级联选题工作流。
+ */
+export function QuestionFilters(): React.ReactNode {
+  const t = useTranslations("questions")

-export function QuestionFilters() {
  const [search, setSearch] = useQueryState("q", parseAsString.withDefault(""))
  const [type, setType] = useQueryState("type", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
  const [difficulty, setDifficulty] = useQueryState("difficulty", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
-  const [knowledgePointId, setKnowledgePointId] = useQueryState("kp", parseAsString.withDefault("all"))
-  const [knowledgePointOptions, setKnowledgePointOptions] = useState<KnowledgePointOption[]>([])
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    getKnowledgePointOptionsAction()
-      .then((result) => {
-        setKnowledgePointOptions(result.success && result.data ? result.data : [])
-      })
-      .catch(() => {
-        setKnowledgePointOptions([])
-      })
-  }, [])

  const hasFilters = Boolean(
-    search || type !== "all" || difficulty !== "all" || knowledgePointId !== "all",
+    search || type !== "all" || difficulty !== "all",
  )

  return (
@@ -44,60 +43,43 @@ export function QuestionFilters() {
        setSearch(null)
        setType(null)
        setDifficulty(null)
-        setKnowledgePointId(null)
      }}
    >
-      <div className="flex flex-1 items-center gap-2">
+      <div className="flex flex-1 flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
        <FilterSearchInput
          value={search}
          onChange={(v) => setSearch(v || null)}
-          placeholder="Search questions..."
+          placeholder={t("search.placeholder")}
          className="flex-1 md:max-w-sm"
          inputClassName="border-muted-foreground/20 pl-8"
        />
        <Select value={type} onValueChange={(val) => setType(val === "all" ? null : val)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="w-[150px]">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="Type" />
+          <SelectTrigger className="w-[150px]" aria-label={t("filters.type")}>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.type")} />
          </SelectTrigger>
          <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All Types</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="single_choice">Single Choice</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="multiple_choice">Multiple Choice</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="judgment">True/False</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="text">Short Answer</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="composite">Composite</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.typeAll")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="single_choice">{t("type.single_choice")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="multiple_choice">{t("type.multiple_choice")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="judgment">{t("type.judgment")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="text">{t("type.text")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="composite">{t("type.composite")}</SelectItem>
          </SelectContent>
        </Select>
        <Select value={difficulty} onValueChange={(val) => setDifficulty(val === "all" ? null : val)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="w-[150px]">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="Difficulty" />
+          <SelectTrigger className="w-[150px]" aria-label={t("filters.difficulty")}>
+            <SelectValue placeholder={t("filters.difficulty")} />
          </SelectTrigger>
          <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">Any Difficulty</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="1">Easy (1)</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="2">Easy-Med (2)</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="3">Medium (3)</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="4">Med-Hard (4)</SelectItem>
-            <SelectItem value="5">Hard (5)</SelectItem>
-          </SelectContent>
-        </Select>
-        <Select value={knowledgePointId} onValueChange={(val) => setKnowledgePointId(val === "all" ? null : val)}>
-          <SelectTrigger className="w-[200px]">
-            <SelectValue placeholder="Knowledge Point" />
-          </SelectTrigger>
-          <SelectContent>
-            <SelectItem value="all">All Knowledge Points</SelectItem>
-            {knowledgePointOptions.map((kp) => {
-              const labelParts = [kp.textbookTitle, kp.chapterTitle, kp.name].filter(Boolean)
-              const label = labelParts.join(" · ")
-              return (
-                <SelectItem key={kp.id} value={kp.id}>
-                  {label || kp.name}
-                </SelectItem>
-              )
-            })}
+            <SelectItem value="all">{t("filters.difficultyAll")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="1">{t("filters.difficulty1")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="2">{t("filters.difficulty2")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="3">{t("filters.difficulty3")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="4">{t("filters.difficulty4")}</SelectItem>
+            <SelectItem value="5">{t("filters.difficulty5")}</SelectItem>
          </SelectContent>
        </Select>
+        <QuestionCascadeFilter />
      </div>
    </FilterBar>
  )
--- a/src/modules/questions/data-access.ts
+++ b/src/modules/questions/data-access.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@ import { knowledgePoints, questions, questionsToKnowledgePoints } from "@/shared
 import { and, count, desc, eq, inArray, sql, type SQL } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { cache } from "react";
 import { createId } from "@paralleldrive/cuid2";
-import { getKnowledgePointOptions as getKnowledgePointOptionsFromTextbooks } from "@/modules/textbooks/data-access";
+import {
+  getChaptersByTextbookId as getChaptersByTextbookIdFromTextbooks,
+  getKnowledgePointOptions as getKnowledgePointOptionsFromTextbooks,
+  getKnowledgePointsByChapterId as getKnowledgePointsByChapterIdFromTextbooks,
+  getKnowledgePointsByTextbookId as getKnowledgePointsByTextbookIdFromTextbooks,
+  getTextbooks as getTextbooksFromTextbooks,
+} from "@/modules/textbooks/data-access";
 import type { CreateQuestionInput } from "./schema";
-import type { KnowledgePointOption, Question, QuestionType } from "./types";
+import type { ChapterOption, KnowledgePointOption, Question, QuestionType, TextbookOption } from "./types";

 type Tx = Parameters<Parameters<typeof db.transaction>[0]>[0]

@@ -24,6 +30,8 @@ export type GetQuestionsParams = {
  pageSize?: number;
  ids?: string[];
  knowledgePointId?: string;
+  textbookId?: string;
+  chapterId?: string;
  type?: QuestionType;
  difficulty?: number;
 };
@@ -34,6 +42,8 @@ export const getQuestions = cache(async ({
  pageSize = 50,
  ids,
  knowledgePointId,
+  textbookId,
+  chapterId,
  type,
  difficulty,
 }: GetQuestionsParams = {}) => {
@@ -62,13 +72,53 @@ export const getQuestions = cache(async ({
    conditions.push(eq(questions.difficulty, difficulty));
  }

+  // 级联筛选：通过 textbooks data-access 获取知识点 ID 集合，
+  // 再按知识点过滤题目。避免直接查询 textbooks/chapters 表。
  if (knowledgePointId) {
-    const subQuery = db
-      .select({ questionId: questionsToKnowledgePoints.questionId })
-      .from(questionsToKnowledgePoints)
-      .where(eq(questionsToKnowledgePoints.knowledgePointId, knowledgePointId));
-    
-    conditions.push(inArray(questions.id, subQuery));
+    conditions.push(
+      inArray(
+        questions.id,
+        db
+          .select({ questionId: questionsToKnowledgePoints.questionId })
+          .from(questionsToKnowledgePoints)
+          .where(eq(questionsToKnowledgePoints.knowledgePointId, knowledgePointId))
+      )
+    );
+  } else if (chapterId) {
+    // 按章节筛选：获取该章节下所有知识点 ID
+    const kps = await getKnowledgePointsByChapterIdFromTextbooks(chapterId)
+    const kpIds = kps.map((kp) => kp.id)
+    if (kpIds.length > 0) {
+      conditions.push(
+        inArray(
+          questions.id,
+          db
+            .select({ questionId: questionsToKnowledgePoints.questionId })
+            .from(questionsToKnowledgePoints)
+            .where(inArray(questionsToKnowledgePoints.knowledgePointId, kpIds))
+        )
+      );
+    } else {
+      // 章节下无知识点，返回空结果
+      conditions.push(sql`1 = 0`)
+    }
+  } else if (textbookId) {
+    // 按教材筛选：获取该教材下所有知识点 ID
+    const kps = await getKnowledgePointsByTextbookIdFromTextbooks(textbookId)
+    const kpIds = kps.map((kp) => kp.id)
+    if (kpIds.length > 0) {
+      conditions.push(
+        inArray(
+          questions.id,
+          db
+            .select({ questionId: questionsToKnowledgePoints.questionId })
+            .from(questionsToKnowledgePoints)
+            .where(inArray(questionsToKnowledgePoints.knowledgePointId, kpIds))
+        )
+      );
+    } else {
+      conditions.push(sql`1 = 0`)
+    }
  }

  if (!ids || ids.length === 0) {
@@ -276,12 +326,105 @@ export async function deleteQuestionByIdRecursive(
  });
 }

+/**
+ * 批量删除题目（级联删除子题）。
+ *
+ * 遵循权限范围：非 all 范围只能删除自己创建的题目。
+ * 单事务保证原子性，任一题目删除失败则全部回滚。
+ *
+ * @param questionIds - 待删除的题目 ID 列表
+ * @param canDeleteAll - 是否有全部数据范围权限
+ * @param authorId - 当前用户 ID（用于权限过滤）
+ * @returns 实际删除的题目数量
+ */
+export async function deleteQuestionsBatch(
+  questionIds: string[],
+  canDeleteAll: boolean,
+  authorId: string
+): Promise<number> {
+  if (questionIds.length === 0) return 0
+
+  const uniqueIds = Array.from(new Set(questionIds))
+  return await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+    // 权限过滤：非 all 范围只能删除自己创建的题目
+    const whereClause = canDeleteAll
+      ? inArray(questions.id, uniqueIds)
+      : and(inArray(questions.id, uniqueIds), eq(questions.authorId, authorId))
+
+    const targetRows = await tx
+      .select({ id: questions.id })
+      .from(questions)
+      .where(whereClause)
+
+    const targetIds = targetRows.map((r) => r.id)
+    if (targetIds.length === 0) return 0
+
+    for (const id of targetIds) {
+      await deleteQuestionRecursive(tx, id)
+    }
+
+    return targetIds.length
+  })
+}
+
 export async function getKnowledgePointOptions(): Promise<KnowledgePointOption[]> {
  // Delegate to textbooks module data-access to avoid direct queries on
  // textbooks/chapters/knowledgePoints tables (owned by textbooks module).
  return await getKnowledgePointOptionsFromTextbooks()
 }

+/**
+ * 获取教材选项列表（级联筛选第一级）。
+ *
+ * 委托 textbooks 模块 data-access 获取教材列表，避免直接查询 textbooks 表。
+ */
+export async function getTextbookOptions(): Promise<TextbookOption[]> {
+  const textbooks = await getTextbooksFromTextbooks()
+  return textbooks.map((tb) => ({
+    id: tb.id,
+    title: tb.title,
+    subject: tb.subject,
+    grade: tb.grade,
+  }))
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取指定教材下的章节选项列表（级联筛选第二级）。
+ *
+ * 委托 textbooks 模块 data-access 获取章节树，展平为选项列表。
+ */
+export async function getChapterOptions(textbookId: string): Promise<ChapterOption[]> {
+  const chapters = await getChaptersByTextbookIdFromTextbooks(textbookId)
+  const options: ChapterOption[] = []
+
+  function flatten(chs: typeof chapters, depth = 0): void {
+    for (const ch of chs) {
+      options.push({
+        id: ch.id,
+        title: ch.title,
+        parentId: ch.parentId ?? null,
+        depth,
+      })
+      if (ch.children && ch.children.length > 0) {
+        flatten(ch.children, depth + 1)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  flatten(chapters)
+  return options
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取指定章节下的知识点选项列表（级联筛选第三级）。
+ *
+ * 委托 textbooks 模块 data-access 获取知识点列表。
+ */
+export async function getKnowledgePointOptionsByChapter(chapterId: string): Promise<{ id: string; name: string }[]> {
+  const kps = await getKnowledgePointsByChapterIdFromTextbooks(chapterId)
+  return kps.map((kp) => ({ id: kp.id, name: kp.name }))
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Cross-module query interfaces — read-only access for other modules
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -355,3 +498,136 @@ export const getQuestionsContentForErrorCollection = cache(
    return result
  }
 )
+
+/**
+ * 按 ID 批量获取题目类型映射。
+ *
+ * exams 等模块在组卷/成绩录入时需要题目 type 字段，此接口封装对 questions 表的查询，
+ * 避免跨模块直接 JOIN questions 表（违反三层架构）。
+ *
+ * 返回 Map<questionId, type>，未找到的 ID 不会出现在 Map 中。
+ */
+export const getQuestionTypeMapByIds = cache(
+  async (questionIds: string[]): Promise<Map<string, string>> => {
+    const result = new Map<string, string>()
+    const uniqueIds = Array.from(new Set(questionIds.filter((v): v is string => typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0)))
+    if (uniqueIds.length === 0) return result
+
+    const rows = await db
+      .select({ id: questions.id, type: questions.type })
+      .from(questions)
+      .where(inArray(questions.id, uniqueIds))
+
+    for (const r of rows) {
+      result.set(r.id, r.type)
+    }
+    return result
+  }
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 导入/导出接口
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** 导出题目格式（JSON） */
+export interface QuestionExportItem {
+  id: string
+  type: QuestionType
+  difficulty: number
+  content: unknown
+  knowledgePoints: { id: string; name: string }[]
+  createdAt: Date
+  updatedAt: Date
+}
+
+/**
+ * 导出题目为结构化 JSON 格式。
+ *
+ * 支持按 IDs 导出指定题目，或导出全部题目（受 pageSize 限制）。
+ * 遵循权限范围：非 all 范围只能导出自己创建的题目。
+ */
+export async function exportQuestions(
+  questionIds?: string[],
+  canExportAll = true,
+  authorId?: string
+): Promise<QuestionExportItem[]> {
+  const conditions: SQL[] = []
+
+  if (questionIds && questionIds.length > 0) {
+    conditions.push(inArray(questions.id, questionIds))
+  }
+
+  if (!canExportAll && authorId) {
+    conditions.push(eq(questions.authorId, authorId))
+  }
+
+  conditions.push(sql`${questions.parentId} IS NULL`)
+
+  const whereClause = conditions.length > 0 ? and(...conditions) : undefined
+
+  const rows = await db.query.questions.findMany({
+    where: whereClause,
+    limit: 1000,
+    orderBy: [desc(questions.createdAt)],
+    with: {
+      knowledgePoints: {
+        with: {
+          knowledgePoint: true,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  })
+
+  return rows.map((row) => ({
+    id: row.id,
+    type: row.type,
+    difficulty: row.difficulty ?? 1,
+    content: row.content,
+    knowledgePoints: (row.knowledgePoints ?? []).map((rel) => ({
+      id: rel.knowledgePoint.id,
+      name: rel.knowledgePoint.name,
+    })),
+    createdAt: row.createdAt,
+    updatedAt: row.updatedAt,
+  }))
+}
+
+/** 导入题目的单条输入 */
+export interface QuestionImportItem {
+  type: QuestionType
+  difficulty: number
+  content: unknown
+  knowledgePointIds?: string[]
+}
+
+/**
+ * 批量导入题目。
+ *
+ * 单事务保证原子性，任一题目导入失败则全部回滚。
+ * 返回创建的题目 ID 列表。
+ */
+export async function importQuestions(
+  items: QuestionImportItem[],
+  authorId: string
+): Promise<string[]> {
+  if (items.length === 0) return []
+
+  return await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const createdIds: string[] = []
+    for (const item of items) {
+      const id = await insertQuestionWithRelations(
+        tx,
+        {
+          content: item.content,
+          type: item.type,
+          difficulty: item.difficulty,
+          knowledgePointIds: item.knowledgePointIds,
+        },
+        authorId,
+        null
+      )
+      createdIds.push(id)
+    }
+    return createdIds
+  })
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/types.ts
+++ b/src/modules/questions/types.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { z } from "zod"
-import type { StatusVariantMap, StatusLabelMap } from "@/shared/components/ui/status-badge"
+import type { StatusVariantMap } from "@/shared/components/ui/status-badge"
 import { QuestionTypeEnum } from "./schema"

+export type { QuestionContent, QuestionOption } from "./utils/parse-content"
+
 export type QuestionType = z.infer<typeof QuestionTypeEnum>

 /** 题型 → Badge variant 映射 */
@@ -13,13 +15,22 @@ export const QUESTION_TYPE_VARIANT: StatusVariantMap<QuestionType> = {
  composite: "secondary",
 }

-/** 题型 → 展示文本映射 */
-export const QUESTION_TYPE_LABEL: StatusLabelMap<QuestionType> = {
-  single_choice: "Single Choice",
-  multiple_choice: "Multiple Choice",
-  judgment: "True/False",
-  text: "Short Answer",
-  composite: "Composite",
+/** 题型 → i18n 键映射（供 useTranslations 使用） */
+export const QUESTION_TYPE_I18N_KEY: Record<QuestionType, string> = {
+  single_choice: "type.single_choice",
+  multiple_choice: "type.multiple_choice",
+  judgment: "type.judgment",
+  text: "type.text",
+  composite: "type.composite",
+}
+
+/** 难度 → i18n 键映射 */
+export const DIFFICULTY_I18N_KEY: Record<number, string> = {
+  1: "difficulty.1",
+  2: "difficulty.2",
+  3: "difficulty.3",
+  4: "difficulty.4",
+  5: "difficulty.5",
 }

 export interface Question {
@@ -51,3 +62,20 @@ export type KnowledgePointOption = {
  subject: string | null
  grade: string | null
 }
+
+/** 教材选项（级联筛选第一级） */
+export type TextbookOption = {
+  id: string
+  title: string
+  subject: string
+  grade: string | null
+}
+
+/** 章节选项（级联筛选第二级） */
+export type ChapterOption = {
+  id: string
+  title: string
+  parentId: string | null
+  /** 层级深度，用于缩进显示 */
+  depth: number
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/utils/parse-content.ts
+++ b/src/modules/questions/utils/parse-content.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * 题目内容类型定义与类型守卫。
+ *
+ * 题目 content 存储为 JSON（unknown），实际结构为：
+ * - { text: string } — 简答题/判断题
+ * - { text: string, options: QuestionOption[] } — 选择题
+ * - { text: string, options: QuestionOption[], answer?: string, explanation?: string } — 完整结构
+ *
+ * 所有从 unknown 到具体类型的转换必须使用本文件的类型守卫函数，
+ * 禁止使用 `as` 断言。
+ */
+
+/** 选择题选项 */
+export interface QuestionOption {
+  id: string
+  text: string
+  isCorrect: boolean
+}
+
+/** 题目内容结构化类型 */
+export interface QuestionContent {
+  text: string
+  options?: QuestionOption[]
+  answer?: string
+  explanation?: string
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断值是否为字符串 */
+function isString(value: unknown): value is string {
+  return typeof value === "string"
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断值是否为非 null 对象 */
+function isNonNullObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
+  return typeof value === "object" && value !== null
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断值是否为 QuestionOption */
+function isQuestionOption(value: unknown): value is QuestionOption {
+  if (!isNonNullObject(value)) return false
+  const id = value.id
+  const text = value.text
+  const isCorrect = value.isCorrect
+  return (
+    (isString(id) || id === undefined) &&
+    isString(text) &&
+    typeof isCorrect === "boolean"
+  )
+}
+
+/** 类型守卫：判断值是否为 QuestionOption 数组 */
+function isQuestionOptionArray(value: unknown): value is QuestionOption[] {
+  return Array.isArray(value) && value.every(isQuestionOption)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 unknown 安全解析为 QuestionContent。
+ *
+ * 处理以下情况：
+ * - 字符串：转为 { text: string }
+ * - 对象：提取 text/options/answer/explanation 字段
+ * - null/undefined：返回 { text: "" }
+ * - 其他：JSON.stringify 后转为 { text }
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const content = parseQuestionContent(question.content)
+ * console.log(content.text)        // 题干文本
+ * console.log(content.options)      // 选项列表（选择题）
+ */
+export function parseQuestionContent(raw: unknown): QuestionContent {
+  if (isString(raw)) {
+    return { text: raw }
+  }
+
+  if (isNonNullObject(raw)) {
+    const text = isString(raw.text) ? raw.text : ""
+    const optionsRaw = raw.options
+    const options = isQuestionOptionArray(optionsRaw)
+      ? optionsRaw.map((opt) => ({
+          id: opt.id ?? opt.text,
+          text: opt.text,
+          isCorrect: opt.isCorrect,
+        }))
+      : undefined
+    const answer = isString(raw.answer) ? raw.answer : undefined
+    const explanation = isString(raw.explanation) ? raw.explanation : undefined
+
+    return { text, options, answer, explanation }
+  }
+
+  if (raw == null) {
+    return { text: "" }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return { text: JSON.stringify(raw) }
+  } catch {
+    return { text: "" }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 QuestionContent 提取纯文本预览（截断到指定长度）。
+ *
+ * @param raw - 原始 content（unknown）
+ * @param maxLength - 最大长度，默认 80
+ */
+export function getQuestionPreview(raw: unknown, maxLength = 80): string {
+  const content = parseQuestionContent(raw)
+  return content.text.slice(0, maxLength)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 QuestionContent 提取选项列表（用于表单回填）。
+ *
+ * @returns 选项数组，无选项时返回 undefined
+ */
+export function getQuestionOptions(raw: unknown): QuestionOption[] | undefined {
+  const content = parseQuestionContent(raw)
+  return content.options
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 QuestionContent 提取纯文本（用于 AI 变体生成等场景）。
+ */
+export function getQuestionText(raw: unknown): string {
+  return parseQuestionContent(raw).text
+}
--- a/src/modules/questions/utils/track-event.ts
+++ b/src/modules/questions/utils/track-event.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/**
+ * 题库模块监控埋点接口。
+ *
+ * 预留关键操作埋点接口，当前为空实现（no-op）。
+ * 接入监控系统时，替换 `trackQuestionEvent` 的实现即可，
+ * 无需修改调用方代码。
+ */
+
+/** 题库操作事件类型 */
+export type QuestionEventType =
+  | "question:create"
+  | "question:update"
+  | "question:delete"
+  | "question:search"
+  | "question:filter_cascade"
+
+/** 埋点事件载荷 */
+export interface QuestionEventPayload {
+  /** 事件类型 */
+  type: QuestionEventType
+  /** 题目 ID（创建/更新/删除时） */
+  questionId?: string
+  /** 题型 */
+  questionType?: string
+  /** 难度 */
+  difficulty?: number
+  /** 搜索关键词（搜索时） */
+  searchQuery?: string
+  /** 筛选条件（筛选时） */
+  filters?: Record<string, unknown>
+  /** 时间戳 */
+  timestamp: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 埋点函数（no-op 实现）。
+ *
+ * 接入监控系统时替换此函数实现，例如：
+ * ```ts
+ * export function trackQuestionEvent(payload: QuestionEventPayload): void {
+ *   analytics.track("question_event", payload)
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export function trackQuestionEvent(payload: QuestionEventPayload): void {
+  // no-op: 预留接口，接入监控系统时替换实现
+  if (process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
+    console.debug("[trackQuestionEvent]", payload)
+  }
+}
+
+/** 便捷方法：记录创建题目事件 */
+export function trackQuestionCreated(questionId: string, questionType: string, difficulty: number): void {
+  trackQuestionEvent({
+    type: "question:create",
+    questionId,
+    questionType,
+    difficulty,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  })
+}
+
+/** 便捷方法：记录更新题目事件 */
+export function trackQuestionUpdated(questionId: string, questionType: string, difficulty: number): void {
+  trackQuestionEvent({
+    type: "question:update",
+    questionId,
+    questionType,
+    difficulty,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  })
+}
+
+/** 便捷方法：记录删除题目事件 */
+export function trackQuestionDeleted(questionId: string): void {
+  trackQuestionEvent({
+    type: "question:delete",
+    questionId,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  })
+}
+
+/** 便捷方法：记录搜索事件 */
+export function trackQuestionSearched(searchQuery: string): void {
+  trackQuestionEvent({
+    type: "question:search",
+    searchQuery,
+    timestamp: Date.now(),
+  })
+}