refactor(dashboard): V2 审计重构 — i18n 补齐 + 共享抽象 + 单测 + a11y

V2 审计报告（docs/architecture/audit/dashboard-audit-report-v2.md）发现并修复：

- P0 i18n：10 个子组件硬编码字符串全部接入 next-intl（teacher-quick-actions /
  teacher-classes-card / teacher-homework-card / teacher-schedule /
  recent-submissions / teacher-grade-trends / student-grades-card /
  student-today-schedule-card / student-upcoming-assignments-card /
  admin-dashboard），新增 ~50 个翻译键
- P1 共享抽象：新增 DashboardGreetingHeader 组件，消除 teacher/student
  头部 90% 重复代码，两个 Header 改为薄包装
- P2 单测：为 6 个纯函数添加 31 个单元测试
  （tests/integration/dashboard/dashboard-utils.test.ts）
- P2 a11y：admin 表格 caption、teacher/student 视图语义化标签
  （header / section aria-label / aside aria-label）
- 同步架构图 004/005

src/modules/dashboard/components/admin-dashboard/admin-dashboard.tsx

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ export async function AdminDashboardView({ data }: { data: AdminDashboardData })
               <EmptyState title={t("empty.noUsersYet")} description={t("empty.seedHint")} />
             ) : (
               <Table>
+                <caption className="sr-only">{t("sections.recentUsers")}</caption>
                 <TableHeader>
                   <TableRow>
                     <TableHead>{t("table.name")}</TableHead>
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ export async function AdminDashboardView({ data }: { data: AdminDashboardData })
                       <TableCell className="font-medium">{u.name || "-"}</TableCell>
                       <TableCell className="text-muted-foreground">{u.email}</TableCell>
                       <TableCell>
-                        <Badge variant="secondary">{u.role ?? "unknown"}</Badge>
+                        <Badge variant="secondary">{u.role ?? t("badge.unknown")}</Badge>
                       </TableCell>
                       <TableCell className="text-muted-foreground">{formatDate(u.createdAt)}</TableCell>
                     </TableRow>

src/modules/dashboard/components/dashboard-greeting-header.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"use client"
+
+import type { ReactNode } from "react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+import { formatLongDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import { getGreetingKey } from "@/modules/dashboard/lib/dashboard-utils"
+
+/**
+ * 仪表盘问候语头部（共享组件）
+ *
+ * 教师与学生仪表盘头部 90% 重复，统一抽象为此组件。
+ * 通过 `actions` slot 注入角色专属快捷操作。
+ */
+export function DashboardGreetingHeader({
+  userName,
+  actions,
+}: {
+  userName: string
+  actions?: ReactNode
+}) {
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
+  const today = formatLongDate(new Date())
+  const greetingKey = getGreetingKey(new Date())
+
+  return (
+    <div className="flex flex-col justify-between space-y-4 md:flex-row md:items-center md:space-y-0">
+      <div>
+        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
+          {t(`greeting.${greetingKey}`)}，{userName}
+        </h2>
+        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("greeting.todayIs", { date: today })}</p>
+      </div>
+      {actions}
+    </div>
+  )
+}

src/modules/dashboard/components/student-dashboard/student-dashboard-header.tsx

@@ -1,26 +1,13 @@
 "use client"
 
-import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
-import { formatLongDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
-import { getGreetingKey } from "@/modules/dashboard/lib/dashboard-utils"
+import { DashboardGreetingHeader } from "../dashboard-greeting-header"
 
 interface StudentDashboardHeaderProps {
   studentName: string
 }
 
 export function StudentDashboardHeader({ studentName }: StudentDashboardHeaderProps) {
-  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
-  const today = formatLongDate(new Date())
-  const greetingKey = getGreetingKey(new Date())
-
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col justify-between space-y-4 md:flex-row md:items-center md:space-y-0">
-      <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-          {t(`greeting.${greetingKey}`)}，{studentName}
-        </h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("greeting.todayIs", { date: today })}</p>
-      </div>
-    </div>
+    <DashboardGreetingHeader userName={studentName} />
   )
 }

src/modules/dashboard/components/student-dashboard/student-dashboard-view.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
+
 import type { StudentDashboardProps } from "@/modules/dashboard/types"
 
 import { DashboardSection } from "../dashboard-section"
@@ -17,9 +19,12 @@ export async function StudentDashboard({
   upcomingAssignments,
   grades,
 }: StudentDashboardProps) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
   return (
     <div className="space-y-6">
-      <StudentDashboardHeader studentName={studentName} />
+      <header>
+        <StudentDashboardHeader studentName={studentName} />
+      </header>
 
       <DashboardSection variant="stats">
         <StudentStatsGrid
@@ -32,19 +37,22 @@ export async function StudentDashboard({
       </DashboardSection>
 
       <div className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
-        <div className="lg:col-span-2 space-y-6">
+        <section
+          aria-label={t("sections.upcomingAssignments")}
+          className="lg:col-span-2 space-y-6"
+        >
           <DashboardSection variant="list">
             <StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard upcomingAssignments={upcomingAssignments} />
           </DashboardSection>
           <DashboardSection variant="card">
             <StudentGradesCard grades={grades} />
           </DashboardSection>
-        </div>
-        <div className="space-y-6">
+        </section>
+        <aside aria-label={t("sections.todaySchedule")} className="space-y-6">
           <DashboardSection variant="card">
             <StudentTodayScheduleCard items={todayScheduleItems} />
           </DashboardSection>
-        </div>
+        </aside>
       </div>
     </div>
   )

src/modules/dashboard/components/student-dashboard/student-grades-card.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { BarChart3 } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { ChartCardShell } from "@/shared/components/charts/chart-card-shell"
 import { TrendLineChart } from "@/shared/components/charts/trend-line-chart"
 import { Table, TableBody, TableCell, TableHead, TableHeader, TableRow } from "@/shared/components/ui/table"
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@ import { formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 import type { StudentDashboardGradeProps } from "@/modules/homework/types"
 
 export function StudentGradesCard({ grades }: { grades: StudentDashboardGradeProps }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
   const hasGradeTrend = grades.trend.length > 0
   const hasRecentGrades = grades.recent.length > 0
 
@@ -26,13 +29,20 @@ export function StudentGradesCard({ grades }: { grades: StudentDashboardGradePro
 
   return (
     <ChartCardShell
-      title="Recent Grades"
+      title={t("sections.recentGrades")}
       icon={BarChart3}
       iconClassName="text-muted-foreground"
       isEmpty={!hasGradeTrend}
-      emptyTitle="No graded work yet"
-      emptyDescription="Finish and submit assignments to see your score trend."
+      emptyTitle={t("empty.noGradedWork")}
+      emptyDescription={t("empty.noGradedWorkDesc")}
       emptyClassName="h-72"
+      action={
+        hasGradeTrend ? (
+          <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
+            <Link href="/student/grades">{t("quickActions.viewAll")}</Link>
+          </Button>
+        ) : null
+      }
     >
       <div className="space-y-4">
         <div className="rounded-md border bg-card p-4">
@@ -41,7 +51,7 @@ export function StudentGradesCard({ grades }: { grades: StudentDashboardGradePro
             series={[
               {
                 dataKey: "score",
-                name: "Score (%)",
+                name: t("chart.scorePercent"),
                 color: "hsl(var(--primary))",
                 dotRadius: 4,
                 activeDotRadius: 6,
@@ -56,13 +66,13 @@ export function StudentGradesCard({ grades }: { grades: StudentDashboardGradePro
           {latestGrade ? (
             <div className="mt-3 flex items-center justify-between text-sm text-muted-foreground">
               <div>
-                Latest:{" "}
+                {t("chart.latest")}:{" "}
                 <span className="font-medium text-foreground tabular-nums">
                   {Math.round(latestGrade.percentage)}%
                 </span>
               </div>
               <div>
-                Points:{" "}
+                {t("chart.points")}:{" "}
                 <span className="font-medium text-foreground tabular-nums">
                   {latestGrade.score}/{latestGrade.maxScore}
                 </span>
@@ -76,9 +86,9 @@ export function StudentGradesCard({ grades }: { grades: StudentDashboardGradePro
             <Table>
               <TableHeader>
                 <TableRow className="bg-muted/50">
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Assignment</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Score</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">When</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.assignment")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.score")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.when")}</TableHead>
                 </TableRow>
               </TableHeader>
               <TableBody>

src/modules/dashboard/components/student-dashboard/student-today-schedule-card.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import { useMemo } from "react"
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { CalendarDays, CalendarX } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
@@ -12,18 +13,15 @@ import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 import type { StudentTodayScheduleItem } from "@/modules/dashboard/types"
 
-/**
- * Parse "HH:MM" time string into minutes since midnight for comparison.
- */
 const timeToMinutes = (t: string): number => {
   const [h, m] = t.split(":").map(Number)
   return (h ?? 0) * 60 + (m ?? 0)
 }
 
 export function StudentTodayScheduleCard({ items }: { items: StudentTodayScheduleItem[] }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
   const hasSchedule = items.length > 0
 
-  // Compute current/next class status based on client time
   const { currentId, nextId } = useMemo(() => {
     const now = new Date()
     const nowMin = now.getHours() * 60 + now.getMinutes()
@@ -49,18 +47,18 @@ export function StudentTodayScheduleCard({ items }: { items: StudentTodaySchedul
       <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between">
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
           <CalendarDays className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-          Today&apos;s Schedule
+          {t("sections.todaySchedule")}
         </CardTitle>
         <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
-          <Link href="/student/schedule">View all</Link>
+          <Link href="/student/schedule">{t("quickActions.viewAll")}</Link>
         </Button>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         {!hasSchedule ? (
           <EmptyState
             icon={CalendarX}
-            title="No classes today"
-            description="Your timetable is clear for today."
+            title={t("empty.noClassesToday")}
+            description={t("empty.noClassesTodayDesc")}
             className="border-none h-72"
           />
         ) : (
@@ -74,14 +72,14 @@ export function StudentTodayScheduleCard({ items }: { items: StudentTodaySchedul
               if (isCurrent) {
                 return (
                   <Badge className="shrink-0 bg-emerald-500 text-white hover:bg-emerald-500">
-                    In Progress
+                    {t("badge.inProgress")}
                   </Badge>
                 )
               }
               if (isNext) {
                 return (
                   <Badge variant="outline" className="shrink-0 border-primary text-primary">
-                    Up Next
+                    {t("badge.upNext")}
                   </Badge>
                 )
               }

src/modules/dashboard/components/student-dashboard/student-upcoming-assignments-card.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { PenTool } from "lucide-react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
@@ -14,11 +15,11 @@ import {
   STUDENT_HOMEWORK_PROGRESS_LABEL,
 } from "@/modules/homework/types"
 
-const getActionLabel = (status: string) => {
-  if (status === "graded") return "Review"
-  if (status === "submitted") return "View"
-  if (status === "in_progress") return "Continue"
-  return "Start"
+const getActionLabelKey = (status: string): "action.review" | "action.view" | "action.continue" | "action.start" => {
+  if (status === "graded") return "action.review"
+  if (status === "submitted") return "action.view"
+  if (status === "in_progress") return "action.continue"
+  return "action.start"
 }
 
 const getActionVariant = (status: string): "default" | "secondary" | "outline" => {
@@ -33,12 +34,13 @@ const getDueUrgency = (dueAt: string | null) => {
   const diffHours = (due.getTime() - now.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60)
 
   if (diffHours < 0) return "overdue"
-  if (diffHours < 48) return "urgent" // 2 days
-  if (diffHours < 120) return "warning" // 5 days
+  if (diffHours < 48) return "urgent"
+  if (diffHours < 120) return "warning"
   return "normal"
 }
 
-export function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomingAssignments: StudentHomeworkAssignmentListItem[] }) {
+export async function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomingAssignments: StudentHomeworkAssignmentListItem[] }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
   const hasAssignments = upcomingAssignments.length > 0
 
   return (
@@ -46,18 +48,18 @@ export function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomi
       <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between">
         <CardTitle className="text-base flex items-center gap-2">
           <PenTool className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-          Upcoming Assignments
+          {t("sections.upcomingAssignments")}
         </CardTitle>
         <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
-          <Link href="/student/learning/assignments">View all</Link>
+          <Link href="/student/learning/assignments">{t("quickActions.viewAll")}</Link>
         </Button>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent>
         {!hasAssignments ? (
           <EmptyState
             icon={PenTool}
-            title="No assignments"
-            description="You have no assigned homework right now."
+            title={t("empty.noAssignmentsStudent")}
+            description={t("empty.noAssignmentsStudentDesc")}
             className="border-none h-72"
           />
         ) : (
@@ -65,18 +67,18 @@ export function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomi
             <Table>
               <TableHeader>
                 <TableRow className="bg-muted/50">
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Title</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Status</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Due</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">Score</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground text-right">Action</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.title")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.status")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.due")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground">{t("table.score")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="text-xs font-medium uppercase text-muted-foreground text-right">{t("table.action")}</TableHead>
                 </TableRow>
               </TableHeader>
               <TableBody>
                 {upcomingAssignments.map((a) => {
                   const urgency = getDueUrgency(a.dueAt)
                   const isGraded = a.progressStatus === "graded"
-                  
+
                   return (
                     <TableRow key={a.id} className="h-12">
                       <TableCell className="font-medium">
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ export function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomi
                             {a.title}
                           </Link>
                           {!isGraded && urgency === "overdue" && (
-                             <Badge variant="destructive" className="h-5 px-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase">Late</Badge>
+                             <Badge variant="destructive" className="h-5 px-1.5 text-[10px] uppercase">{t("badge.late")}</Badge>
                           )}
                         </div>
                       </TableCell>
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ export function StudentUpcomingAssignmentsCard({ upcomingAssignments }: { upcomi
                       <TableCell className="text-right">
                         <Button asChild size="sm" variant={getActionVariant(a.progressStatus)} className="h-7 text-xs">
                           <Link href={`/student/learning/assignments/${a.id}`}>
-                            {getActionLabel(a.progressStatus)}
+                            {t(getActionLabelKey(a.progressStatus))}
                           </Link>
                         </Button>
                       </TableCell>

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/recent-submissions.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { Inbox, ArrowRight } from "lucide-react";
+import Link from "next/link"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
+import { Inbox, ArrowRight } from "lucide-react"
 
-import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card";
-import { Avatar, AvatarFallback, AvatarImage } from "@/shared/components/ui/avatar";
-import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge";
-import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button";
-import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state";
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Avatar, AvatarFallback, AvatarImage } from "@/shared/components/ui/avatar"
+import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
+import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import {
   Table,
   TableBody,
@@ -13,54 +14,57 @@ import {
   TableHead,
   TableHeader,
   TableRow,
-} from "@/shared/components/ui/table";
-import { formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils";
-import type { HomeworkSubmissionListItem } from "@/modules/homework/types";
+} from "@/shared/components/ui/table"
+import { formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import type { HomeworkSubmissionListItem } from "@/modules/homework/types"
 
-export function RecentSubmissions({ 
-  submissions,
-  title = "Recent Submissions",
-  emptyTitle = "No New Submissions",
-  emptyDescription = "All caught up! There are no new submissions to review."
-}: { 
-  submissions: HomeworkSubmissionListItem[],
-  title?: string,
-  emptyTitle?: string,
+interface RecentSubmissionsProps {
+  submissions: HomeworkSubmissionListItem[]
+  title?: string
+  emptyTitle?: string
   emptyDescription?: string
-}) {
-  const hasSubmissions = submissions.length > 0;
+}
+
+export async function RecentSubmissions({
+  submissions,
+  title,
+  emptyTitle,
+  emptyDescription,
+}: RecentSubmissionsProps) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
+  const hasSubmissions = submissions.length > 0
 
   return (
     <Card className="h-full flex flex-col">
       <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between pb-2">
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-lg">
           <Inbox className="h-5 w-5 text-primary" />
-          {title}
+          {title ?? t("sections.recentSubmissions")}
         </CardTitle>
         <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-primary" asChild>
           <Link href="/teacher/homework/submissions" className="flex items-center gap-1">
-            View All <ArrowRight className="h-3 w-3" />
+            {t("quickActions.viewAllSubmissions")} <ArrowRight className="h-3 w-3" />
           </Link>
         </Button>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="flex-1">
         {!hasSubmissions ? (
-           <EmptyState
-             icon={Inbox}
-             title={emptyTitle}
-             description={emptyDescription}
-             action={{ label: "View submissions", href: "/teacher/homework/submissions" }}
-             className="border-none h-full min-h-[200px]"
-           />
+          <EmptyState
+            icon={Inbox}
+            title={emptyTitle ?? t("empty.noNewSubmissions")}
+            description={emptyDescription ?? t("empty.noNewSubmissionsDesc")}
+            action={{ label: t("quickActions.viewAllSubmissions"), href: "/teacher/homework/submissions" }}
+            className="border-none h-full min-h-[200px]"
+          />
         ) : (
           <div className="rounded-md border">
             <Table>
               <TableHeader>
                 <TableRow className="bg-muted/50">
-                  <TableHead className="w-[200px]">Student</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead>Assignment</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="w-[140px]">Submitted</TableHead>
-                  <TableHead className="w-[100px] text-right">Action</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="w-[200px]">{t("table.student")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead>{t("table.assignment")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="w-[140px]">{t("table.submitted")}</TableHead>
+                  <TableHead className="w-[100px] text-right">{t("table.action")}</TableHead>
                 </TableRow>
               </TableHeader>
               <TableBody>
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ export function RecentSubmissions({
                       </div>
                     </TableCell>
                     <TableCell>
-                      <Link 
+                      <Link
                         href={`/teacher/homework/submissions/${item.id}`}
                         className="font-medium hover:text-primary hover:underline transition-colors block truncate max-w-[240px]"
                         title={item.assignmentTitle}
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ export function RecentSubmissions({
                         </span>
                         {item.isLate && (
                           <Badge variant="destructive" className="w-fit text-[10px] h-4 px-1.5 font-normal">
-                            Late
+                            {t("badge.late")}
                           </Badge>
                         )}
                       </div>
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ export function RecentSubmissions({
                     <TableCell className="text-right">
                       <Button size="sm" variant="secondary" className="h-8 px-3" asChild>
                         <Link href={`/teacher/homework/submissions/${item.id}`}>
-                          Grade
+                          {t("action.grade")}
                         </Link>
                       </Button>
                     </TableCell>
@@ -113,5 +117,5 @@ export function RecentSubmissions({
         )}
       </CardContent>
     </Card>
-  );
+  )
 }

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-classes-card.tsx

@@ -1,30 +1,33 @@
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { Users } from "lucide-react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
 import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import type { TeacherClass } from "@/modules/classes/types"
 
-export function TeacherClassesCard({ classes }: { classes: TeacherClass[] }) {
+export async function TeacherClassesCard({ classes }: { classes: TeacherClass[] }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
+
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between">
         <CardTitle className="text-base flex items-center gap-2">
           <Users className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-          My Classes
+          {t("sections.myClasses")}
         </CardTitle>
         <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
-          <Link href="/teacher/classes/my">View all</Link>
+          <Link href="/teacher/classes/my">{t("quickActions.viewAll")}</Link>
         </Button>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="grid gap-3">
         {classes.length === 0 ? (
           <EmptyState
             icon={Users}
-            title="No classes yet"
-            description="Create a class to start managing students and schedules."
-            action={{ label: "Create class", href: "/teacher/classes/my" }}
+            title={t("empty.noClassesYet")}
+            description={t("empty.noClassesDesc")}
+            action={{ label: t("quickActions.createClass"), href: "/teacher/classes/my" }}
             className="border-none h-72"
           />
         ) : (
@@ -44,13 +47,13 @@ export function TeacherClassesCard({ classes }: { classes: TeacherClass[] }) {
                     {c.homeroom && (
                         <>
                             <span>·</span>
-                            <span>Homeroom: {c.homeroom}</span>
+                            <span>{t("schedule.homeroom")}: {c.homeroom}</span>
                         </>
                     )}
                     {c.room && (
                         <>
                             <span>·</span>
-                            <span>Room {c.room}</span>
+                            <span>{t("schedule.room")} {c.room}</span>
                         </>
                     )}
                   </div>

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-dashboard-header.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 "use client"
 
-import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
-import { formatLongDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
-import { getGreetingKey } from "@/modules/dashboard/lib/dashboard-utils"
+import { DashboardGreetingHeader } from "../dashboard-greeting-header"
 import { TeacherQuickActions } from "./teacher-quick-actions"
 
 interface TeacherDashboardHeaderProps {
@@ -10,19 +8,10 @@ interface TeacherDashboardHeaderProps {
 }
 
 export function TeacherDashboardHeader({ teacherName }: TeacherDashboardHeaderProps) {
-  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
-  const today = formatLongDate(new Date())
-  const greetingKey = getGreetingKey(new Date())
-
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col justify-between space-y-4 md:flex-row md:items-center md:space-y-0">
-      <div>
-        <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold tracking-tight">
-          {t(`greeting.${greetingKey}`)}，{teacherName}
-        </h2>
-        <p className="text-muted-foreground">{t("greeting.todayIs", { date: today })}</p>
-      </div>
-      <TeacherQuickActions />
-    </div>
+    <DashboardGreetingHeader
+      userName={teacherName}
+      actions={<TeacherQuickActions />}
+    />
   )
 }

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-dashboard-view.tsx

@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ export async function TeacherDashboardView({ data }: TeacherDashboardViewProps)
 
   return (
     <div className="flex h-full flex-col space-y-6 p-8">
-      <TeacherDashboardHeader teacherName={data.teacherName} />
+      <header>
+        <TeacherDashboardHeader teacherName={data.teacherName} />
+      </header>
 
       <DashboardSection variant="stats">
         <TeacherStats
@@ -57,8 +59,7 @@ export async function TeacherDashboardView({ data }: TeacherDashboardViewProps)
       </DashboardSection>
 
       <div className="grid gap-6 lg:grid-cols-12">
-        {/* 移动端优先展示：今日课表 → 待办 → 待批改 */}
-        <div className="flex flex-col gap-6 lg:col-span-8">
+        <section aria-label={t("sections.pendingGrading")} className="flex flex-col gap-6 lg:col-span-8">
           <div className="lg:hidden">
             <DashboardSection variant="card">
               <TeacherSchedule items={metrics.todayScheduleItems} />
@@ -78,9 +79,9 @@ export async function TeacherDashboardView({ data }: TeacherDashboardViewProps)
               emptyDescription={t("empty.allGradedDesc")}
             />
           </DashboardSection>
-        </div>
+        </section>
 
-        <div className="flex flex-col gap-6 lg:col-span-4">
+        <aside aria-label={t("sections.myClasses")} className="flex flex-col gap-6 lg:col-span-4">
           <div className="hidden lg:block">
             <DashboardSection variant="card">
               <TeacherSchedule items={metrics.todayScheduleItems} />
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ export async function TeacherDashboardView({ data }: TeacherDashboardViewProps)
           <DashboardSection variant="list">
             <TeacherClassesCard classes={data.classes} />
           </DashboardSection>
-        </div>
+        </aside>
       </div>
     </div>
   )

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-grade-trends.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 "use client"
 
 import { TrendingUp } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
 
 import { ChartCardShell } from "@/shared/components/charts/chart-card-shell"
 import { TrendLineChart } from "@/shared/components/charts/trend-line-chart"
 import type { TeacherGradeTrendItem } from "@/modules/homework/types"
 
 export function TeacherGradeTrends({ trends }: { trends: TeacherGradeTrendItem[] }) {
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
   const hasTrends = trends.length > 0
 
   const chartData = trends.map((item) => {
@@ -22,14 +24,14 @@ export function TeacherGradeTrends({ trends }: { trends: TeacherGradeTrendItem[]
 
   return (
     <ChartCardShell
-      title="Class Performance"
-      description={`Average scores for the last ${trends.length} assignments`}
+      title={t("sections.classPerformance")}
+      description={t("chart.classPerformanceDesc", { count: trends.length })}
       icon={TrendingUp}
       iconClassName="text-primary"
       titleClassName="text-base font-medium"
       isEmpty={!hasTrends}
-      emptyTitle="No data available"
-      emptyDescription="Publish assignments to see class performance trends."
+      emptyTitle={t("empty.noData")}
+      emptyDescription={t("empty.noDataDesc")}
       emptyClassName="h-[200px] p-0"
       className="col-span-1"
     >
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ export function TeacherGradeTrends({ trends }: { trends: TeacherGradeTrendItem[]
           series={[
             {
               dataKey: "score",
-              name: "Average Score (%)",
+              name: t("chart.averageScorePercent"),
               color: "hsl(var(--primary))",
               dotRadius: 4,
               activeDotRadius: 6,
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ export function TeacherGradeTrends({ trends }: { trends: TeacherGradeTrendItem[]
                   <span className="text-xl font-bold tabular-nums">{item.score}%</span>
                 </div>
                 <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
-                  {item.submissionCount}/{item.totalStudents} submitted
+                  {t("chart.submittedCount", { submitted: item.submissionCount, total: item.totalStudents })}
                 </div>
               </div>
             ))}

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-homework-card.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Link from "next/link"
 import { PenTool, Calendar, Plus } from "lucide-react"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
 
 import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
@@ -8,16 +9,18 @@ import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
 import { cn, formatDate } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
 import type { HomeworkAssignmentListItem } from "@/modules/homework/types"
 
-export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssignmentListItem[] }) {
+export async function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssignmentListItem[] }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
+
   return (
     <Card>
       <CardHeader className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between pb-3">
         <CardTitle className="text-base flex items-center gap-2">
           <PenTool className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-          Homework
+          {t("sections.homework")}
         </CardTitle>
-        <Button asChild size="icon" variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8">
-          <Link href="/teacher/homework/assignments/create" title="Create new assignment">
+        <Button asChild size="icon" variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8" title={t("quickActions.createNewAssignment")}>
+          <Link href="/teacher/homework/assignments/create">
             <Plus className="h-4 w-4" />
           </Link>
         </Button>
@@ -26,9 +29,9 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
         {assignments.length === 0 ? (
           <EmptyState
             icon={PenTool}
-            title="No assignments"
-            description="Create an assignment to get started."
-            action={{ label: "Create", href: "/teacher/homework/assignments/create" }}
+            title={t("empty.noAssignments")}
+            description={t("empty.noAssignmentsDesc")}
+            action={{ label: t("quickActions.create"), href: "/teacher/homework/assignments/create" }}
             className="border-none h-48"
           />
         ) : (
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
             {assignments.slice(0, 6).map((a) => {
               const isPublished = a.status === "published"
               const isDraft = a.status === "draft"
-              
+
               return (
                 <Link
                   key={a.id}
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
                     <div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-0.5">
                       <div className={cn(
                         "h-2 w-2 rounded-full",
-                        isPublished ? "bg-emerald-500" : 
+                        isPublished ? "bg-emerald-500" :
                         isDraft ? "bg-amber-400" : "bg-muted-foreground"
                       )} />
                       <div className="font-medium truncate text-sm group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
                       {a.sourceExamTitle}
                     </div>
                   </div>
-                  
+
                   <div className="flex flex-col items-end gap-1">
                     {a.dueAt ? (
                       <div className="flex items-center text-xs text-muted-foreground tabular-nums">
@@ -66,10 +69,10 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
                         {formatDate(a.dueAt)}
                       </div>
                     ) : (
-                      <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground italic">No due date</span>
+                      <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground italic">{t("schedule.noDueDate")}</span>
                     )}
-                    <Badge 
-                      variant="outline" 
+                    <Badge
+                      variant="outline"
                       className={cn(
                         "text-[10px] h-4 px-1.5 capitalize font-normal border-transparent bg-muted/50",
                         isPublished && "text-emerald-600 bg-emerald-500/10",
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ export function TeacherHomeworkCard({ assignments }: { assignments: HomeworkAssi
             })}
             <div className="pt-2">
               <Button asChild variant="link" size="sm" className="w-full text-muted-foreground h-auto py-1 text-xs">
-                <Link href="/teacher/homework/assignments">View all assignments</Link>
+                <Link href="/teacher/homework/assignments">{t("quickActions.viewAllAssignments")}</Link>
               </Button>
             </div>
           </div>

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-quick-actions.tsx

@@ -1,29 +1,34 @@
-import Link from "next/link";
+"use client"
 
-import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button";
-import { PlusCircle, CheckSquare, Users } from "lucide-react";
+import Link from "next/link"
+import { PlusCircle, CheckSquare, Users } from "lucide-react"
+import { useTranslations } from "next-intl"
+
+import { Button } from "@/shared/components/ui/button"
 
 export function TeacherQuickActions() {
+  const t = useTranslations("dashboard")
+
   return (
     <div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
       <Button asChild size="sm">
         <Link href="/teacher/homework/assignments/create">
           <PlusCircle className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-          Create Assignment
+          {t("quickActions.createAssignment")}
         </Link>
       </Button>
       <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
         <Link href="/teacher/homework/submissions">
           <CheckSquare className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-          Grade
+          {t("quickActions.grade")}
         </Link>
       </Button>
       <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">
         <Link href="/teacher/classes/my">
           <Users className="mr-2 h-4 w-4" />
-          My Classes
+          {t("quickActions.myClasses")}
         </Link>
       </Button>
     </div>
-  );
+  )
 }

src/modules/dashboard/components/teacher-dashboard/teacher-schedule.tsx

@@ -1,150 +1,147 @@
-import Link from "next/link";
-import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card";
-import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge";
-import { CalendarDays, CalendarX, MapPin } from "lucide-react";
-import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state";
-import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils";
-import { ScrollArea } from "@/shared/components/ui/scroll-area";
+import Link from "next/link"
+import { getTranslations } from "next-intl/server"
+import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/shared/components/ui/card"
+import { Badge } from "@/shared/components/ui/badge"
+import { CalendarDays, CalendarX, MapPin } from "lucide-react"
+import { EmptyState } from "@/shared/components/ui/empty-state"
+import { cn } from "@/shared/lib/utils"
+import { ScrollArea } from "@/shared/components/ui/scroll-area"
 
 type TeacherTodayScheduleItem = {
-  id: string;
-  classId: string;
-  className: string;
-  course: string;
-  startTime: string;
-  endTime: string;
-  location: string | null;
-};
+  id: string
+  classId: string
+  className: string
+  course: string
+  startTime: string
+  endTime: string
+  location: string | null
+}
+
+export async function TeacherSchedule({ items }: { items: TeacherTodayScheduleItem[] }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations("dashboard")
+  const hasSchedule = items.length > 0
 
-export function TeacherSchedule({ items }: { items: TeacherTodayScheduleItem[] }) {
-  const hasSchedule = items.length > 0;
-  
   const getStatus = (start: string, end: string) => {
-    const now = new Date();
-    const currentTime = now.getHours() * 60 + now.getMinutes();
-    
-    const [startH, startM] = start.split(":").map(Number);
-    const [endH, endM] = end.split(":").map(Number);
-    const startTime = startH * 60 + startM;
-    const endTime = endH * 60 + endM;
+    const now = new Date()
+    const currentTime = now.getHours() * 60 + now.getMinutes()
 
-    if (currentTime >= startTime && currentTime <= endTime) return "live";
-    if (currentTime < startTime) return "upcoming";
-    return "past";
-  };
+    const [startH, startM] = start.split(":").map(Number)
+    const [endH, endM] = end.split(":").map(Number)
+    const startTime = (startH ?? 0) * 60 + (startM ?? 0)
+    const endTime = (endH ?? 0) * 60 + (endM ?? 0)
+
+    if (currentTime >= startTime && currentTime <= endTime) return "live"
+    if (currentTime < startTime) return "upcoming"
+    return "past"
+  }
 
   return (
-      <Card>
+    <Card>
       <CardHeader className="pb-3">
         <CardTitle className="flex items-center gap-2 text-base">
           <CalendarDays className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-          Today&apos;s Schedule
+          {t("sections.todaySchedule")}
         </CardTitle>
       </CardHeader>
       <CardContent className="p-0">
         {!hasSchedule ? (
-           <EmptyState
-             icon={CalendarX}
-             title="No Classes Today"
-             description="No timetable entries."
-             action={{ label: "View schedule", href: "/teacher/classes/schedule" }}
-             className="border-none h-[200px]"
-           />
+          <EmptyState
+            icon={CalendarX}
+            title={t("empty.noClassesToday")}
+            description={t("empty.noClassesTodayDesc")}
+            action={{ label: t("quickActions.viewSchedule"), href: "/teacher/classes/schedule" }}
+            className="border-none h-[200px]"
+          />
         ) : (
           <ScrollArea className="h-[240px] px-6 py-2">
             <div className="relative space-y-0 ml-1">
-               {/* Vertical Timeline Line */}
               <div className="absolute left-[11px] -top-2 -bottom-2 w-px bg-border/50" />
-              
-              {/* Top Fade Hint */}
+
               <div className="absolute left-[11px] -top-3 h-3 w-px bg-gradient-to-t from-border/50 to-transparent" />
 
               {items.map((item, index) => {
-                  const status = getStatus(item.startTime, item.endTime);
-                  const isLive = status === "live";
-                  const isPast = status === "past";
-                  const isLast = index === items.length - 1;
+                const status = getStatus(item.startTime, item.endTime)
+                const isLive = status === "live"
+                const isPast = status === "past"
+                const isLast = index === items.length - 1
 
-                  return (
-                    <div key={item.id} className="relative pl-8 py-2 first:pt-0 last:pb-0 group">
-                       {/* Timeline Dot */}
-                      <div className={cn(
-                          "absolute left-[7px] top-[14px] h-2.5 w-2.5 rounded-full border-2 ring-4 ring-background transition-colors z-10",
-                          isLive ? "bg-primary border-primary" : 
-                          isPast ? "bg-muted border-muted-foreground/30" : 
-                          "bg-background border-primary"
-                      )} />
+                return (
+                  <div key={item.id} className="relative pl-8 py-2 first:pt-0 last:pb-0 group">
+                    <div className={cn(
+                      "absolute left-[7px] top-[14px] h-2.5 w-2.5 rounded-full border-2 ring-4 ring-background transition-colors z-10",
+                      isLive ? "bg-primary border-primary" :
+                      isPast ? "bg-muted border-muted-foreground/30" :
+                      "bg-background border-primary"
+                    )} />
 
-                      <Link
-                        href={`/teacher/classes/my/${encodeURIComponent(item.classId)}`}
-                        className={cn(
-                            "block rounded-md border p-2.5 transition-all hover:bg-muted/50",
-                            isLive ? "bg-primary/5 border-primary/50 shadow-sm" : 
-                            isPast ? "opacity-60 grayscale bg-muted/20 border-transparent" : 
-                            "bg-card"
-                        )}
-                      >
-                        <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
-                          <div className="space-y-0.5 min-w-0">
-                            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                                <span className={cn(
-                                    "font-medium text-sm truncate", 
-                                    isLive ? "text-primary" : "text-foreground"
-                                )}>
-                                  {item.course}
-                                </span>
-                                {isLive && (
-                                    <Badge variant="default" className="h-4 px-1 text-[9px] animate-pulse">
-                                        LIVE
-                                    </Badge>
-                                )}
-                            </div>
-                            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">
-                              <span>{item.className}</span>
-                              {item.location && (
-                                  <>
-                                      <span>·</span>
-                                      <span className="flex items-center">
-                                          <MapPin className="mr-0.5 h-2.5 w-2.5" />
-                                          {item.location}
-                                      </span>
-                                  </>
-                              )}
-                            </div>
+                    <Link
+                      href={`/teacher/classes/my/${encodeURIComponent(item.classId)}`}
+                      className={cn(
+                        "block rounded-md border p-2.5 transition-all hover:bg-muted/50",
+                        isLive ? "bg-primary/5 border-primary/50 shadow-sm" :
+                        isPast ? "opacity-60 grayscale bg-muted/20 border-transparent" :
+                        "bg-card"
+                      )}
+                    >
+                      <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3">
+                        <div className="space-y-0.5 min-w-0">
+                          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                            <span className={cn(
+                              "font-medium text-sm truncate",
+                              isLive ? "text-primary" : "text-foreground"
+                            )}>
+                              {item.course}
+                            </span>
+                            {isLive && (
+                              <Badge variant="default" className="h-4 px-1 text-[9px] animate-pulse">
+                                {t("badge.live")}
+                              </Badge>
+                            )}
                           </div>
-                          
-                          <div className={cn(
-                              "text-right text-xs font-medium tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap",
-                              isLive ? "text-primary" : "text-muted-foreground"
-                          )}>
-                              {item.startTime}
-                              <span className="text-[10px] opacity-70 ml-0.5">– {item.endTime}</span>
+                          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">
+                            <span>{item.className}</span>
+                            {item.location && (
+                              <>
+                                <span>·</span>
+                                <span className="flex items-center">
+                                  <MapPin className="mr-0.5 h-2.5 w-2.5" />
+                                  {item.location}
+                                </span>
+                              </>
+                            )}
                           </div>
                         </div>
-                      </Link>
-                      
-                      {/* Connection Line to Next (if not last) */}
-                      {!isLast && (
-                          <div className="absolute left-[11px] top-[24px] bottom-[-8px] w-px bg-border" />
-                      )}
-                    </div>
-                  );
+
+                        <div className={cn(
+                          "text-right text-xs font-medium tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap",
+                          isLive ? "text-primary" : "text-muted-foreground"
+                        )}>
+                          {item.startTime}
+                          <span className="text-[10px] opacity-70 ml-0.5">– {item.endTime}</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </Link>
+
+                    {!isLast && (
+                      <div className="absolute left-[11px] top-[24px] bottom-[-8px] w-px bg-border" />
+                    )}
+                  </div>
+                )
               })}
-              
-              {/* Bottom Hint */}
+
               {items.length > 3 ? (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-center text-muted-foreground pt-2 pb-1 opacity-50">
-                      Scroll for more
-                  </div>
+                <div className="text-[10px] text-center text-muted-foreground pt-2 pb-1 opacity-50">
+                  {t("schedule.scrollForMore")}
+                </div>
               ) : (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-center text-muted-foreground pt-4 pb-1 opacity-50 italic">
-                      No more classes today
-                  </div>
+                <div className="text-[10px] text-center text-muted-foreground pt-4 pb-1 opacity-50 italic">
+                  {t("schedule.noMoreClasses")}
+                </div>
               )}
             </div>
           </ScrollArea>
         )}
       </CardContent>
     </Card>
-  );
+  )
 }