diff --git a/services/ai/pyproject.toml b/services/ai/pyproject.toml
index 3185bc5..f541d24 100644
--- a/services/ai/pyproject.toml
+++ b/services/ai/pyproject.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "redis>=5.1.0",
     # 重试机制（LLM 调用 + 下游 gRPC）
     "tenacity>=9.0.0",
+    # GraphQL Federation 2 子图（v2.1 M1，Apollo Router 组合）
+    "strawberry-graphql[asgi]>=0.257.0",
 ]
 
 [tool.uv.sources]
diff --git a/services/ai/src/ai/config.py b/services/ai/src/ai/config.py
index 05a569e..b581cac 100644
--- a/services/ai/src/ai/config.py
+++ b/services/ai/src/ai/config.py
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     data_ana_grpc_endpoint: str = "localhost:50055"
     iam_grpc_endpoint: str = "localhost:50052"
 
+    # GraphQL Federation 2 子图（v2.1 ADR-036 Router-Authorization 信任凭证）
+    router_auth_secret: str = ""
+
     # 备课工作流
     workflow_ttl_seconds: int = 86400  # 24h
     workflow_max_retries: int = 3
diff --git a/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/__init__.py b/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/router_auth.py b/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/router_auth.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..341164a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/router_auth.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+"""Router-Authorization 信任凭证校验中间件（v2.1 ADR-036）.
+
+Apollo Router 请求子图时必须携带 Router-Authorization Header，
+本中间件拦截 /graphql 端点并校验，拒绝任何非 Router 发起的 GraphQL 请求。
+
+与 TypeScript 服务的 RouterAuthGuard 保持一致的共享密钥模式：
+  - 生产：ROUTER_AUTH_SECRET 环境变量配置共享密钥
+  - 开发：dev_mode=true 时跳过校验（仅限本地）
+
+健康检查端点（/healthz、/readyz）不在 /graphql 路径下，自动豁免。
+"""
+
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+
+import structlog
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response
+
+from ..config import settings
+
+logger = structlog.get_logger()
+
+ROUTER_AUTH_HEADER = "router-authorization"
+GRAPHQL_PATH_PREFIX = "/graphql"
+
+
+class RouterAuthMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    """校验 /graphql 端点的 Router-Authorization Header.
+
+    仅作用于 /graphql 路径，REST 路由（/v1/ai/*）和健康检查放行。
+    """
+
+    async def dispatch(
+        self,
+        request: Request,
+        call_next: Callable[[Request], Awaitable[Response]],
+    ) -> Response:
+        path = request.url.path
+
+        # 仅 /graphql 端点需要校验，REST 路由与健康检查放行
+        if not path.startswith(GRAPHQL_PATH_PREFIX):
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        # 开发模式跳过校验
+        if settings.is_dev:
+            return await call_next(request)
+
+        # 校验共享密钥是否已配置
+        expected = settings.router_auth_secret
+        if not expected:
+            logger.error("router_auth_secret_not_configured")
+            return JSONResponse(
+                status_code=403,
+                content={
+                    "errors": [
+                        {
+                            "message": "Router authorization not configured on server",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                },
+            )
+
+        # 校验 Router-Authorization Header
+        provided = request.headers.get(ROUTER_AUTH_HEADER, "")
+        if provided != expected:
+            logger.warning("direct_graphql_access_denied", path=path)
+            return JSONResponse(
+                status_code=403,
+                content={
+                    "errors": [
+                        {
+                            "message": "Direct GraphQL access denied; "
+                            "must go through Apollo Router",
+                        },
+                    ],
+                },
+            )
+
+        return await call_next(request)
diff --git a/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/schema.py b/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e40e21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/ai/src/ai/graphql/schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+"""GraphQL Federation 2 子图 schema（v2.1 M1）.
+
+使用 strawberry-graphql 构建 Apollo Federation 2 子图，暴露：
+  - GeneratedReport：学情报告实体（@key(id)）
+  - LessonPlanStatus：备课工作流状态实体（@key(workflow_id)）
+
+供 Apollo Router 组合，替代原 teacher-bff 的聚合职责。
+
+强制约束：
+  - Router-Authorization Header 校验（ADR-036，见 router_auth.py）
+  - @key 解析器走 WorkflowStateStore（备课工作流状态）
+  - GeneratedReport 为占位实体（报告按需生成，不持久化）
+  - 所有 resolver 为 async
+"""
+
+import strawberry
+import structlog
+
+from ..errors import AIWorkflowNotFoundError
+from ..workflow.state_store import WorkflowState, WorkflowStateStore
+
+logger = structlog.get_logger()
+
+# 模块级状态存储引用（由 main.py 通过 set_state_store 注入）
+_state_store: WorkflowStateStore | None = None
+
+
+def set_state_store(store: WorkflowStateStore) -> None:
+    """注入 WorkflowStateStore 实例（由 main.py 调用）."""
+    global _state_store
+    _state_store = store
+
+
+def _state_to_lesson_plan_status(state: WorkflowState) -> "LessonPlanStatus":
+    """将 WorkflowState 转换为 LessonPlanStatus GraphQL 类型."""
+    return LessonPlanStatus(
+        workflow_id=state.workflow_id,
+        status=state.status,
+        error=state.error,
+        degraded=state.status == "failed",
+        degraded_reason=state.error or "",
+    )
+
+
+@strawberry.federation.type(keys=["id"])
+class GeneratedReport:
+    """学情报告实体（Federation 2 @key(id)）.
+
+    报告按需生成不持久化，resolve_reference 返回 None。
+    此类型存在以支持其他子图通过 id 引用报告实体。
+    """
+
+    id: str
+    content: str
+    summary: str
+    recommendations: list[str]
+    degraded: bool
+    degraded_reason: str
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def resolve_reference(cls, id: str) -> "GeneratedReport | None":
+        """Federation 引用解析器（占位：报告不持久化，无法解析）."""
+        logger.debug("generated_report_resolve_reference", report_id=id)
+        return None
+
+
+@strawberry.federation.type(keys=["workflow_id"])
+class LessonPlanStatus:
+    """备课工作流状态实体（Federation 2 @key(workflow_id)）."""
+
+    workflow_id: str
+    status: str
+    error: str | None
+    degraded: bool
+    degraded_reason: str
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def resolve_reference(cls, workflow_id: str) -> "LessonPlanStatus | None":
+        """Federation 引用解析器：从 WorkflowStateStore 查询状态."""
+        if _state_store is None:
+            return None
+        try:
+            state = await _state_store.get(workflow_id)
+        except AIWorkflowNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        return _state_to_lesson_plan_status(state)
+
+
+@strawberry.type
+class Query:
+    """GraphQL Query 根类型."""
+
+    @strawberry.field
+    async def lesson_plan_status(
+        self,
+        workflow_id: str,
+    ) -> LessonPlanStatus | None:
+        """查询备课工作流状态（委托 WorkflowStateStore）."""
+        if _state_store is None:
+            return None
+        try:
+            state = await _state_store.get(workflow_id)
+        except AIWorkflowNotFoundError:
+            return None
+        return _state_to_lesson_plan_status(state)
+
+    @strawberry.field
+    async def generated_report(self, id: str) -> GeneratedReport | None:
+        """查询学情报告（占位：报告按需生成，不持久化）."""
+        logger.debug("generated_report_query", report_id=id)
+        return None
+
+
+schema = strawberry.federation.Schema(query=Query)
diff --git a/services/ai/src/ai/main.py b/services/ai/src/ai/main.py
index 96daa56..2115045 100644
--- a/services/ai/src/ai/main.py
+++ b/services/ai/src/ai/main.py
@@ -30,9 +30,13 @@ from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
 from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import BatchSpanProcessor
 from prometheus_client import make_asgi_app
 from redis.asyncio import Redis
+from strawberry.asgi import GraphQL
 
 from .clients import ContentClientGrpc, DataAnaClientGrpc, IamClientGrpc
 from .config import settings
+from .graphql.router_auth import RouterAuthMiddleware
+from .graphql.schema import schema as graphql_schema
+from .graphql.schema import set_state_store
 from .grpc_server import create_grpc_server
 from .middleware import (
     PermissionGuard,
@@ -152,6 +156,8 @@ _state_store = WorkflowStateStore(
     redis=None,
     ttl_seconds=settings.workflow_ttl_seconds,
 )
+# 注入状态存储到 GraphQL 子图（供 LessonPlanStatus 解析器使用）
+set_state_store(_state_store)
 _workflow_service = LessonPlanWorkflowService(
     state_store=_state_store,
     failover_chain=_failover_chain,
@@ -257,6 +263,11 @@ FastAPIInstrumentor.instrument_app(app)
 app.mount("/metrics", make_asgi_app())
 register_error_handlers(app)
 
+# GraphQL Federation 2 子图（v2.1 M1，/graphql 端点供 Apollo Router 组合）
+# Router-Authorization 校验仅作用于 /graphql 路径，REST 路由与健康检查放行
+app.add_middleware(RouterAuthMiddleware)
+app.mount("/graphql", GraphQL(graphql_schema))
+
 # 业务路由（/v1/ai 前缀，Gateway 代理 /api/v1/ai/* → /v1/ai/*）
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1/ai")